Improve extension API¶ ↑
: subtitle
C++ as better language for extension
: author
Kouhei Sutou
: institution
ClearCode Inc.
: content-source
RubyKaigi 2017
: date
2017-09-19
: allotted-time
35m
: theme
.
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Slide properties¶ ↑
: enable-title-on-image
true
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Slide properties¶ ↑
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What I want to don(('note:やりたいこと'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Improve performancen with C/C++ librariesn (('note:C/C++のライブラリーを使った高速化'))
* Not create binding\n (('note:バインディングを作りたいわけじゃない'))
Point of improving perfn(('note:高速化するために大事なこと'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Done in C/C++n as much as possiblen (('note:できるだけC/C++内で完結させる'))
* Don't move between\n C/C++ and Ruby\n (('note:C/C++とRuby間でいったりきたりしない'))
Example: sumn(('note:例:#sum'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby numbers = (1..100000).to_a # Move between C and Ruby: 25.1ms numbers.inject(&:+) # Done in C: 0.5ms # 50x faster(50倍速い) numbers.sum
FYI: inject(symbol)n(('note:参考情報:#inject(symbol)'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby numbers = (1..100000).to_a # Move between C and Ruby: 25.1ms numbers.inject(&:+) # Done in C: 0.5ms # 50x faster(50倍速い) numbers.inject(:+)
Extension and bindingn(('note:拡張ライブラリーとバインディング'))¶ ↑
* Extension(('note:(拡張ライブラリー)')) * Ruby library implemented in C\n (('note:Cで実装されたRubyのライブラリー')) * Binding(('note:(バインディング)')) * Ruby library to use library implemented in other languages\n (('note:他言語実装のライブラリを使うためのRubyのライブラリ'))
Binding usagen(('note:バインディングの使い方'))¶ ↑
* Export each API to Ruby\n (('note:それぞれのAPIをRubyで使えるようにする')) * Combine exported APIs in Ruby\n (('note:バインディングが提供するAPIをRubyレベルで組み合わせる'))
Binding usage examplen(('note:バインディングの使い方例'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby require "cairo" include Cairo # Combine APIs s = PDFSurface.new("red.pdf", 10, 10) # API context = Context.new(s) # API context.set_source_color(:red) # API context.paint # API context.show_page # API s.finish # API
Point of improving perfn(('note:高速化するために大事なこと'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Done in C/C++n as much as possiblen (('note:できるだけC/C++内で完結させる'))
* Don't move between\n C/C++ and Ruby\n (('note:C/C++とRuby間でいったりきたりしない'))
Perf improvement examplen(('note:高速化例'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # Don't combine APIs in Ruby # RubyレベルでAPIを組み合わせない ## context.set_source_color(:red) # API ## context.paint # API ## context.show_page # API # Just call higher level API in Ruby # Rubyからはもっと高レベルなAPIを呼び出す context.show_red_page # Implemented in C # ここはCで実装
What I want to don(('note:やりたいこと'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Improve performancen with C/C++ librariesn (('note:C/C++のライブラリーを使った高速化'))
* Not create binding\n (('note:バインディングを作りたいわけじゃない'))
Use casen(('note:高速化したい場面'))¶ ↑
* Machine learning\n (('note:機械学習')) * Combine array/matrix operations\n (('note:配列・行列に対する演算をまとめる'))
Raw C API for extensionn(('note:拡張ライブラリー用の生のC API'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Not bad but can be verbose because of Cn (('note:悪くないんだけどCなので冗長'))
* Need better approach\n (('note:もっといい感じの方法を使いたい'))
Requirementsn(('note:要件'))¶ ↑
* Easy to use C/C++ libraries\n (('note:C/C++のライブラリーを簡単に使えること')) * Easy to write (('note:as much as possible'))\n (('note:できるだけ書きやすいこと')) * Easy to debug (('note:as much as possible'))\n (('note:できるだけデバッグしやすいこと'))
Approaches(('note:(実現方法)'))¶ ↑
* Extend language to support writing extension\n (('note:拡張ライブラリーを書けるように言語を拡張')) * Not based on C\n (('note:C以外の言語を使う')) * Provide convenient API\n (('note:便利APIを提供'))
Recommended approachn(('note:オススメの実現方法'))¶ ↑
* Extend language to support writing extension\n (('note:拡張ライブラリーを書けるように言語を拡張')) * Not based on C\n (('note:C以外の言語を使う')) * ((*Provide convenient API*))\n (('note:便利APIを提供'))
Provide convenient APIn(('note:便利なAPIを提供'))¶ ↑
* Rice: ((*C++*)) + Ruby * Ext++: ((*C++*))11 + Ruby * Boost.Python: ((*C++*)) + Python * pybind11: ((*C++*))11 + Python
Useful C++ propertiesn(('note:C++の便利の性質'))¶ ↑
* C++ can use C API directory\n (('note:C++ではCのAPIを直接使える')) * No wrapper API or libffi\n (('note:ラッパーAPIもlibffiもいらない')) * C++((*11 or later*)) has many convenient features\n (('note:C++11以降には便利機能がたくさんある'))
C++ convenient feature1n(('note:C++の便利機能1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Type detection with “auto”n (('note:autoで型推論(C++11)'))
# coderay cpp int n = 10; auto square = n * n; // square's type is "int" // squareの型は「int」
C++ convenient feature2n(('note:C++の便利機能2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Lambda expression (C++11)n (('note:ラムダ式(C++11)'))
# coderay cpp // In Ruby: ->(n) {n * n} auto square = [](int n) { return n * n; // Return type is detected }; square(10); // => 100
C++ convenient feature3n(('note:C++の便利機能3'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Default argumentn (('note:デフォルト引数'))
# coderay cpp // In Ruby: def square(n=10) int square(int n=10) { return n * n; } // square() == square(10)
Convenient API example1n(('note:便利なAPI例1'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # Ruby: Normal class Sample def hello "Hello" end end
Convenient API example1n(('note:便利なAPI例1'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # Ruby: No syntax sugar Sample = Class.new do define_method(:hello) do "Hello" end end
Convenient API example1n(('note:便利なAPI例1'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // C++: Ext++ #include <ruby.hpp> extern "C" void Init_sample(void) { // Parent class (rb_cObject) is omittable rb::Class("Sample"). // class Sample in Ruby define_method("hello", // def hello in Ruby [](VALUE self) { // ->() {"Hello"} in Ruby return rb_str_new_static("Hello"); }); }
Convenient API example1n(('note:便利なAPI例1'))¶ ↑
# coderay c /* C */ #include <ruby.h> static VALUE rb_sample_hello(VALUE self) { return rb_str_new_static("Hello"); } /* ↑Definition. */ void Init_sample(void) { /* ↓Must specify parent class. */ VALUE sample = rb_define_class("Sample", rb_cObject); /* ↓Registration. They are separated. */ rb_define_method(sample, "hello", rb_sample_hello, 0); }
C++ convenient feature4n(('note:C++の便利機能4'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Custom type conversionn (('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))
* "Cast" is customizable\n (('note:「キャスト」をカスタマイズできるということ'))
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // Wrapper class of VALUE class Object { public: // def initialize(rb_object) // @rb_object_ = rb_object // end Object(VALUE rb_object) : rb_object_(rb_object) {} private: VALUE rb_object_; };
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp class Object { operator bool() const { return RTEST(rb_object_); } }; // Object nil(Qnil); // Qnil wrapper // if (nil) { → if (RTEST(Qnil)) {
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // Trap1(罠1) // bool→int cast is available // Implicit Object→bool→ int cast // bool→intのキャストができるので // 暗黙的にObject→bool→intとキャスト Object(Qture) + 1; // → RTEST(Qtrue) + 1 // → 1 + 1 // → 2
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp class Object { // Deny explicit cast (C++11) // 暗黙のキャストを禁止(C++11) explicit operator bool() const { return RTEST(rb_object_); } }; // Object(Qtrue) + 1; // → Compile error
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // Trap2(罠2) class Object { public: // Used as implicit VALUE→Object cast // 暗黙のVALUE→Objectキャストに使われる Object(VALUE rb_object); };
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // Trap2(罠2) // VALUE is just a number(VALUEはただの数値) typedef unsigned long VALUE; Object identify(Object x) {return x;} // Implicit VALUE→Object cast // 暗黙的にVALUE→Objectとキャスト identify(100); // == identify(Object(100));
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp class Object { // Deny explicit cast // 暗黙のキャストを禁止 explicit Object(VALUE rb_object); }; // identify(100); // → Compile error
Custom type conversionn(('note:型変換のカスタマイズ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp class Object { operator VALUE() const {return rb_object_;} }; // Convenient(便利) rb_p(Object(Qnil)); // → rb_p(Qnil); // Not compile error. Hmm... Object(Qnil) + 1; // → Qnil + 1; // → 8 + 1; // → 9;
C++ convenient feature5n(('note:C++の便利機能5'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Template and specializationn (('note:テンプレートと特殊化'))
* 👍Consistent cast API\n (('note:一貫性のあるキャストAPIに使える'))
Consistent cast APIn(('note:一貫性のあるキャストAPI'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp namespace rb { // Consistent cast API // Example: rb::cast<int32_t>(Object(NUM2INT(10)); // Example: rb::cast<Object>(10); // FYI: C++ cast syntax: static_cast<TYPE>(expression) template <typename RETURN_TYPE, typename ARGUMENT_TYPE> inline RETURN_TYPE cast(ARGUMENT_TYPE object); }
Consistent cast APIn(('note:一貫性のあるキャストAPI'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp template <> // rb::cast<int32_t>(Object(NUM2INT(10)); inline int32_t cast<int32_t, Object>(Object rb_object) { return NUM2INT(rb_object); } template <> // rb::cast<Object>(10); inline Object cast<Object, int32_t>(int32_t n) { return Object(INT2NUM(n)); }
Consistent cast APIn(('note:一貫性のあるキャストAPI'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // rb::cast<const char *>(Object(rb_str_new_cstr("X")); template <> inline const char *cast<const char *, Object>(Object rb_object) { VALUE rb_object_raw = rb_object; return StringValueCStr(rb_object_raw); } template <> inline // rb::cast<Object>("hello"); Object cast<Object, const char *>(const char *c_string) { return Object(rb_str_new_cstr(c_string)); }
C++ convenient feature6n(('note:C++の便利機能6'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Initializer list (C++11)n (('note:初期化リスト(C++11)'))
* "{A,B,...}" is customizable\n (('note:「{A, B, ...}」をカスタマイズできる'))
Initializer listn(('note:初期化リスト'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp Object Object::send( ID name_id, std::initializer_list<VALUE> args); // Ruby: "hello".send(:tr, "e", "E") Object(rb_str_new_cstr("hello")). send(rb_intern("tr"), {rb_str_new_cstr("e"), rb_str_new_cstr("E")});
Initializer listn(('note:初期化リスト'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp Object Object::send( ID name_id, std::initializer_list<VALUE> args, VALUE (*block)(VALUE data)); // Ruby: array.send(:collect) {true} Object(array). send(rb_intern("collect"), {}, // Clear API than variable arguments [](VALUE data) {return Qtrue;});
Convenient API example2n(('note:便利なAPI例2'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // C++: Ext++ rb::Object(rb_n). send("step", // Implicit Object→VALUE cast {rb::cast<rb::Object>(10)}, [](VALUE i) {return rb_p(i)}); // n.step(10) {|i| p i}
Convenient API example3n(('note:便利なAPI例3'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // C++: Rice #include <rice/Class.hpp> static const char * // Not VALUE! (Auto convert) rb_sample_hello(Rice::Object self) { return "Hello"; } extern "C" void Init_sample() { Rice::define_class("Sample"). define_method("hello", &rb_sample_hello); }
C++ based API: Pros1n(('note:C++ベースのAPI:長所1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Easier to write than Cn (('note:Cより書きやすい'))
* Require C++11 or later\n (('note:C++11以降なら'))
C++ based API: Pros2n(('note:C++ベースのAPI:長所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Easy to use for C API usersn (('note:既存のC APIを使っている人なら使いやすい'))
* Use C directly incl macro\n (('note:マクロも含めてCの機能を直接使える')) * Don't need to migrate to all convenient API at once\n (('note:一気に書き換えるのではなく徐々に移行できる'))
C++ based API: Pros3n(('note:C++ベースのAPI:長所3'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Easy to debug for C API usersn (('note:既存のC APIを使っている人ならデバッグしやすい'))
* Can use GDB/LLDB directly\n (('note:GDB/LLDBを直接使える')) * GDB/LLDB have built-in C++ support\n (('note:GDB/LLDBは組み込みでC++をサポート'))
C++ based API: Pros4n(('note:C++ベースのAPI:長所4'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Easy to optimizen (('note:最適化しやすい'))
* [Feature #13434] better method definition in C API\n (('note:Cのメソッド定義APIの改良'))
Better method definitionn(('note:メソッド定義の改良'))¶ ↑
* Metadata for optimization\n (('note:最適化のためにメタデータを付与')) * e.g.: Reduce memory allocations\n (('note:例:メモリーアロケーションを減らす')) * Lazy method definition\n (('note:必要になるまでメソッド定義を遅らせる')) * e.g.: Reduce start-up time\n (('note:例:起動時間の高速化'))
Argument metadatan(('note:引数のメタデータ'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby class Hello # Default argument is just for # example. Other metadata will # be more useful for optimization. def hello(name, message="world") end end
Argument metadatan(('note:引数のメタデータ'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp // C++: Rice cHello. define_method( "hello", &hello, (Rice::Arg("name"), // ↓Default Rice::Arg("message")="world"));
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby class X def a; end # Not define yet def b; end # Not define yet end x = X.new x.a # Define #a and #b
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# coderay c /* One of new C API ideas */ struct rb_method_entries entries[] = { "a", ..., "b", ..., }; /* The definitions aren't defined at once. */ /* They are defined when the next method call. */ rb_define_method_with_table(rb_cX, entries);
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# coderay c // C++ implementation sample { rb::Class("X"). // Don't call rb_define_method() yet. define_method("a", ...). // Don't call rb_define_method() yet. define_method("b", ...); // Destructor is called. // Call rb_define_method_with_table() // in destructor. }
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# coderay c // Ext++ implementation is just for test rb::Class("X"). // Call rb_define_method() immediately. define_method("a", ...). // Don't call rb_define_method() in // the following define_method()s. enable_lazy_define_method(). // Don't call rb_define_method() yet. define_method("b", ...);
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # Define only benchmark code in Ruby. # Benchmark target code is in C++. n = 10000 Bench = Class.new do n.times do |i| define_method("method#{i}") do end end end
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # Call benchmark code in Ruby. # Benchmark target code is in C++. n = 10000 bench = Bench.new n.times do |i| bench.__send__("method#{i}") end
Lazy method definitionn(('note:遅延メソッド定義'))¶ ↑
# RT Type, Define only, Called Normal, 5ms, 5ms Lazy, 1ms, 5ms
(('tag:center')) 5x faster when any methods aren't calledn (('note:メソッドが呼ばれなければ5倍速い'))
C++ based API: Cons1n(('note:C++ベースのAPI:短所1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) C++ is difficultn (('note:C++は難しい'))
* e.g.: Template\n (('note:たとえばテンプレート')) * Easy to write unreadable code\n (('note:簡単にリーダブルじゃないコードを書ける'))
C++ based API: Cons2n(('note:C++ベースのAPI:短所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Slower buildn (('note:ビルドが遅い'))
* It may reduce try&error cycle\n (('note:試行錯誤しにくくなるかも'))
C++ based API: Problemn(('note:C++ベースのAPI:課題'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Exceptionn (('note:例外'))
* Ruby exception breaks C++ RAII (destructor)\n(('note:(Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)'))\n (('note:Rubyの例外発生→C++のRAII(デストラクター)が動かない')) * Because it uses setjmp/longjmp\n (('note:Rubyの例外はsetjmp/longjmpを使っているから'))
Exception: Solutionn(('note:例外:解決法'))¶ ↑
(1) Rescue Ruby exception\n (('note:Rubyの例外をrescue')) (2) Throw C++ exception\n (('note:C++の例外にしてthrow')) (3) Re-raise the Ruby exception\n (('note:安全な場所でRubyの例外を再raise'))
Conclusionn(('note:まとめ'))¶ ↑
* C++ based API is useful\n (('note:C++ベースのAPIは便利')) * For writing ext uses C/C++ library\n (('note:C/C++のライブラリを使う拡張ライブラリを書くとき')) * For optimizing w/ easy to use API\n (('note:例:使いやすいAPIを維持したまま最適化するとき'))
Slide properties¶ ↑
: image-slide-number-last-slide
true
Appendixn(('note:付録'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Introduce easy to write extension approachesn (('note:拡張ライブラリーを簡単に実装する方法を紹介'))
* The following contents are used only when time is remained\n (('note:以降の内容は時間が残っている場合だけ使う'))
Approaches(('note:(実現方法)'))¶ ↑
* Extend language to support writing extension\n (('note:拡張ライブラリーを書けるように言語を拡張')) * Not based on C\n (('note:C以外の言語を使う')) * Provide convenient API\n (('note:便利APIを提供'))
Extend languagen(('note:言語を拡張'))¶ ↑
* Rubex: Extended Ruby\n (('note:Rubex:Rubyを拡張')) * Cython: Extended Python\n (('note:Cython:Pythonを拡張'))
How to runn(('note:動かし方'))¶ ↑
* Translate extension code to C\n (('note:拡張言語で書かれたコードをCにコンパイル')) * Compile C code\n (('note:コンパイルされたCコードをビルド')) * Load the built extension\n (('note:ビルドした拡張ライブラリーを読み込む'))
Extended syntaxn(('note:拡張された構文'))¶ ↑
* Type information\n (('note:型情報を書ける')) * C code snippet\n (('note:Cのコードを書ける'))
How to run: Rubexn(('note:Rubexの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # fibonacci.rubex class Fibonacci # "int" is type information def compute(int n) # ... end end
How to run: Rubexn(('note:Rubexの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay console % rubex fibonacci.rubex % cd fibonacci % ruby extconf.rb % make
How to run: Rubexn(('note:Rubexの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby require_relative "fibonacci.so" p Fibonacci.new.compute(100)
Extend language: Pros1n(('note:拡張言語:長所1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Friendly syntax forn base language usersn (('note:ベースの言語のユーザーにはなじみやすい構文'))
* Most syntax is the same\n (('note:構文の大部分は同じだから'))
Extend language: Pros2n(('note:拡張言語:長所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Easy to migrate from base langn (('note:ベースの言語からの移行が容易'))
* Because upward compatibility\n (('note:上位互換だから')) * Code for base language works without modification\n (('note:ベースの言語で書かれたコードは変更なしで動く'))
Extend language: Pros3n(('note:拡張言語:長所3'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Doesn't require much C knowledgen (('note:そんなにCの知識は必要ない'))
* Most code can be written with base language knowledge\n (('note:コードの大部分はベースの言語の知識で書ける'))
Extend language: Cons1n(('note:拡張言語:短所1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) You realize that it's not friendly syntax when you use itn (('note:使うとそんなになじみやすい文法ではないと気づく'))
* Small differences will confuse you\n (('note:小さな違いがいろいろあってわかりにくい'))
Extend language: Cons2n(('note:拡張言語:短所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Difficult to debugn (('note:デバッグが難しい'))
* Need base language, extend language and C knowledge\n (('note:ベースの言語の知識も拡張言語の知識もCの知識も必要'))
(('note:Cython has GDB integration to solve this problem'))n (('note:Cythonはこの問題を解決するためにGDB用の便利機能を提供'))
Extend language: Cons3n(('note:拡張言語:短所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Hard to maintainn (('note:(For maintainers, not for users)'))n (('note:(ユーザーではなくメンテナーが)メンテナンスが大変'))
* Base language introduces a new syntax then extend language should implement it\n (('note:ベースの言語が新しい構文を導入→拡張言語でも実装'))
Not based on Cn(('note:C言語以外をベースにする'))¶ ↑
* JRuby: Java + Ruby * Helix: Rust + Ruby
How to run: JRubyn(('note:JRubyでの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay java // Fibonacci.java public class Fibonacci { public long[] compute(int n) { // ... } }
How to run: JRubyn(('note:JRubyでの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay console % javac Fibonacci.java % jar cf fibonacci.jar Fibonacci.class
How to run: JRubyn(('note:JRubyでの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby require "fibonacci.jar" java_import "Fibonacci" p Fibonacci.new.compute(100)
Not based on C: Pros1n(('note:C言語以外をベースにする:長所1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Easier to write than Cn (('note:Cより書きやすい'))
* Simpler syntax\n (('note:洗練された構文')) * Rich features compared to C\n (('note:Cより機能が多い'))
Not based on C: Pros2n(('note:C言語以外をベースにする:長所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Can use librariesn in base languagen (('note:ベース言語のライブラリーを使える'))
* Major languages have many libs\n (('note:広く使われている言語はライブラリーも多い'))
Not based on C: Cons1n(('note:C言語以外をベースにする:短所1'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Need base language knowledgen (('note:ベース言語の知識が必要'))
* Java for JRuby(('note:(JRubyならJava)')) * Rust for Helix(('note:(HelixならRust)'))
Not based on C: Cons2n(('note:C言語以外をベースにする:短所2'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) May need C knowledgen (('note:(When Ruby implementation is MRI)'))n (('note:Rubyの実装がMRIならCの知識が必要かもしれない'))
* Base language wraps Ruby C API\n (('note:ベースの言語はRubyのC APIをラップしている')) * e.g.: (({sys::RSTRING_PTR})) on Helix\n (('note:例:Helixならsys::RSTRING_PTRがラップしたAPI'))
Not based on C: Cons3n(('note:C言語以外をベースにする:短所3'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Hard to maintainn (('note:(When Ruby implementation is MRI)'))n (('note:Rubyの実装がMRIならメンテナンスが大変かも'))
* Ruby introduces a new API then base language may need to implement it\n (('note:Rubyが新しいAPIを追加→ベース言語でも実装?')) * e.g.: (({rb_gc_adjust_memory_usage()}))
Provide convenient APIn(('note:便利なAPIを提供'))¶ ↑
* Rice: C++ + Ruby * Ext++: C++11 + Ruby * Boost.Python: C++ + Python * pybind11: C++11 + Python
How to run: Ricen(('note:Riceの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp #include <rice/Class.hpp> static const char * // Not VALUE! rb_sample_hello(Rice::Object self) { return "Hello"; } extern "C" void Init_sample() { Rice::define_class("Sample"). define_method("hello", &rb_sample_hello); }
How to run: Ricen(('note:Riceの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby # extconf.rb require "mkmf-rice" create_makefile("sample")
How to run: Ricen(('note:Riceの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay console % ruby extconf.rb % make
How to run: Ricen(('note:Riceの動かし方'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby require_relative "sample.so" p Sample.new.hello # => "Hello"
Provide C++ API: Prosn(('note:C++ APIを提供:長所'))¶ ↑
Omitn (('note:省略'))
Provide C++ API: Consn(('note:C++ APIを提供:短所'))¶ ↑
Omitn (('note:省略'))
Provide C++ API: ConsNn(('note:C++ APIを提供:短所N'))¶ ↑
(('tag:center')) Conv from Ruby may be a bothern (('note:Ruby実装の移植が面倒'))
* C++ with convenient Ruby C API needs more code than Ruby\n (('note:RubyのC APIにC++の便利APIがあっても'))\n (('note:Rubyよりもたくさんコードが必要'))
From Ruby: Ricen(('note:RubyからRiceに移植'))¶ ↑
# coderay ruby def fib(n) prev = 1 current = 1 1.step(n - 1).collect do prev, current = current, current + prev prev end end
From Ruby: Ricen(('note:RubyからRiceに移植'))¶ ↑
# coderay cpp std::vector<uint64_t> fib(Rice::Object self, int n) { uint64_t prev = 1, current = 1; std::vector<uint64_t> numbers; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { auto temp = current; current += prev; prev = temp; numbers.push_back(prev); } return numbers; }