<!– ============================================================= –> <!– MODULE: Journal Publishing DTD –> <!– VERSION: 2.1 –> <!– DATE: June 2005 –> <!– –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– PUBLIC DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITION –> <!– TYPICAL INVOCATION –> <!– “-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.1 20050630//EN”

Delivered as file "journalpublishing.dtd"                     -->

<!– ============================================================= –>

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– SYSTEM: Journal Publishing DTD of the –> <!– Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite –> <!– –> <!– PURPOSE: DTD for creation of new journal articles –> <!– –> <!– This subset of the Journal Archiving and –> <!– Interchange DTD is optimized for the authoring –> <!– (or initial XML tagging) of journal articles and –> <!– some non-article material such as product and –> <!– book reviews. It describes both the metadata for –> <!– a journal article and the full content of the –> <!– article. –> <!– This DTD was constructed using the modules in the –> <!– Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite. –> <!– –> <!– CONTAINS: 1) Declare and invoke the Publishing (Blue) DTD- –> <!– specific module of modules, that names any –> <!– modules created expressly for this DTD. –> <!– (%journalpubcustom-modules.ent;) –> <!– 2) Declare and invoke the DTD Suite module of –> <!– modules (%modules.ent;), the Archiving and –> <!– Interchange Suite module that names all the –> <!– Suite modules this DTD might invoke –> <!– 3) Invoke DTD-specific classes over-ride module –> <!– (%journalpub-classes.ent;) –> <!– 4) Invoke Suite default classes –> <!– (%default-classes.ent;) –> <!– 5) Invoke DTD-specific mixes over-ride module –> <!– (%journalpubcustom-mixes.ent;) –> <!– 6) Invoke Suite default mixes –> <!– (%default-mixes.ent;) –> <!– 7) Invoke DTD-specific content model over-ride –> <!– module (%journalpubcustom-models.ent;) –> <!– 8) Invoke the Common Element Module (from Suite) –> <!– 9) Invoke all the Class Modules (from Suite) as –> <!– well as any DTD-specific element modules –> <!– 10) Parameter Entities for attribute values used –> <!– in this module (DTD-specific definitions) –> <!– 11) Define document element (Article <article>) –> <!– 12) Define Front Matter <front> –> <!– 13) Define Body Matter <body> –> <!– 14) Define Back Matter <back> –> <!– –> <!– CREATED FOR: –> <!– Digital Archive of Journal Articles –> <!– National Center for Biotechnology Information –> <!– (NCBI) –> <!– National Library of Medicine (NLM) –> <!– –> <!– ORIGINAL CREATION DATE: –> <!– February 2003 –> <!– –> <!– CREATED BY: Jeff Beck (NCBI) –> <!– B. Tommie Usdin (Mulberry Technologies, Inc.) –> <!– –> <!– The Journal Publishing DTD is built from the –> <!– Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite. –> <!– –> <!– Suggestions for refinements and enhancements to –> <!– this DTD should be sent in email to: –> <!– publishing-dtd@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– DTD VERSION/CHANGE HISTORY –> <!– ============================================================= –> <!–

=============================================================

Version Reason/Occasion (who) vx.x (yyyy-mm-dd)

    =============================================================
    Version 2.1                       (DAL/BTU) v2.1 (2005-06-30)

    Changed to MathML 2.0 and MathML 2.0 Character Sets
    Added new material requested by the online list     

10. Modified Module of Modules to include new MathML 2.0 DTD
    and modified xmlspecchars.ent that includes new MathML Character
    sets which match Unicode 4.0. 

    Implementor Alert: New directory structure for the character
    sets was also adopted, to match the new MathML directories.

    Implementor Alert: New directory structure for the character
    sets was also adopted, to match the new MathML directories.
    There are now 3 character set directories:
           - iso8879 (from SGML used in MathML)
           - iso9573-13 (from ISO Tech Rpt used in MathML)
           - xmlchars (from SGML not used in MathML)

 9. Updated public identifier to "v2.1 20050630", modified the
    fpis of the updated modules (both publishing custom modules 
    and the Suite modules), and changed the "dtd-version" fixed 
    attribute to reference latest version of DTD (version "2.1").

    =============================================================
    Version 2.0                  (Beck/DAL/BTU) v2.0 (2004-08-30)

    Minor tweaks before public release. Decision was made not to
    change release number

 8. FRONT MODEL - Added -%front-back.class;, thereby adding
    optional <notes> to Front Matter

    =============================================================
    Version 2.0                       (DAL/BTU) v2.0 (2004-07-30)

    Major requirement changes led to the new release, producing
    DTD version "2.0":
      a) The splitting of the Archival and Interchange Tag Set 
         DTDs into three DTDs from two: an authoring DTD, an
         archive regularization and interchange DTD (the
         current Blue Publishing DTD), and a preservationist 
         archive DTD (the current Green Archiving and Interchange 
         DTD).
      b) AIT Working Group suggestions from the June 04 meeting 
         and June/July 2004 followup discussions
      c) Suite remodularization to meet new (and newly articulated)
         modularization requirements
      d) New or renamed classes and mixes to make modifications
         easier and more consistent

 7. COMPLETE MODELS WHEN OVER-RIDING A CONTENT MODEL 
    (for all Parameter Entities suffixed "-model")
    ### Customization Alert ###
    Made all the model over-rides consistent. Some included
    the outer parentheses, some did not. They all do now.
    Added parentheses to Parameter Entity and removed them 
    from the Element Declarations:
    -  %article-short-model; 
    -  %article-full-model;
    -  %front-model;
    -  %body-model;
    -  %back-model;

 6. DOC-BACK-MATTER-ELEMENTS/DOC-BACK-MATTER-MIX 
    a. Reparameterized content for classing reasons. No model change.
    b. Renamed to -%doc-back-matter-mix; 
       ### Customization Alert ###
       Names ending in "-elements" saved for the particular mixes
       that will be added to #PCDATA for a particular element,

 5. REMODULARIZATION - Replaced the previous single Publishing
    customization module (journalpubcustomize.ent) with the
    following single-function customization modules:
    - journalpubcustom-modules.ent (declare all the Publishing-
         DTD-specific modules)
    - journalpubcustom-classes.ent (Publishing class over-rides)
    - journalpubcustom-mix.ent (Publishing mix over-rides)
    - journalpubcustom-models.ent (Publishing model over-rides)
    - nlm-citation.ent (just the NLM Citation element, which is
        the only new element created by the Publishing DTD)

 4. NEW VERSION - Updated public identifier to "v2.1 20050630" 
    on this module and the customization and module-of-modules 
    modules. New customization module for new classing structures.
    Changed fixed DTD version number attribute to "2.0"

    =============================================================
    Version 1.1                           (TRG) v1.1 (2003-11-01)                                                                

 3. Updated public identifier to "v1.1 20031101"

 2. Changed parameter entity %dtd-version; to reference latest
    version of DTD (version 1.1)

 1. Updated public identifiers for modules.ent and 
    archivecustomize.ent to reflect modules' modification.
    Rationale: To call updated modules.
                                                                  -->

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– MODULAR DTD LIBRARY

A set of journal archiving and interchange 
DTD modules was written as the basis for 
publishing, interchange, and repository 
DTDs, with the intention that DTDs for 
specific purposes, such as this Publishing 
DTD, would be developed based on them.
This publishing DTD has been optimized for 
the creation of new journal articles. This 
means that it is far smaller (fewer elements,
and fewer choices in many contexts) than was
the interchange DTD. Where in the interchange
DTD there may have been several ways to 
express the same information, only one is 
provided for authoring. It was not the 
intention to limit the expressive power 
licensed by the DTD, but rather to limit the 
meaningless choices needed in a full 
archiving and interchange DTD that make 
conversion from a wide variety of formats as 
easy as possible.               
This Publishing DTD has been developed from
the Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite
modules, in the approved manner, making 
changes to the declarations in those modules 
by overriding Parameter Entity defined in
the over-rise (customization) modules:   
   %journalpubcustom-classes.ent;
   %journalpubcustom-mixes.ent;
   %journalpubcustom-models.ent;
which are all declared in the module:
   %journalpubcustom-modules.ent;
Additional Publishing-DTD-Specific material
is defined in the module(s):
   %nlmcitation.ent;
No changes to any of the original Archiving 
and Interchange Suite modules are required 
in order to use this DTD.                  -->

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– VERSION 1.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– THE MANY ROADS NOT TAKEN

In the interest of getting a version of this
DTD into production as quickly as practical,
several structures and functions that might
be appropriately included have been delayed 
until a future version of this DTD. Such 
components include:
  - Questions and Answers (These may be 
      modeled with the current DTDs by using 
      paragraphs and lists)
  - Continuing Medical Education material
     (which frequently contains questions 
     and answers)
  - Forms and fill-in-the-blank
  - Conflict of Interest statements and
      Financial Disclosure (May be modeled
      as paragraphs or footnotes)
  - Electronic and Digital Rights Management
  - Advertising included in the journal:
        + Job ads
        + Classified advertising
        + Display advertising
  - Calendars, meeting schedules, and 
      announcements.  (These can be handled 
      as ordinary articles or sections within
      articles)
  - About the Journal material such as Author
      Guidelines, Policy and Scope statements,
      Editorial or advisory boards, detailed
      indicia, etc.
                                          -->

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– MODULES OF MODULES INVOKED –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– MODULE TO NAME DTD-SPECIFIC MODULES –> <!– Names all DTD-specific external modules –> <!ENTITY % journalpubcustom-modules.ent PUBLIC

“-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD-Specific Modules v2.1 20050630//EN” “journalpubcustom-modules.ent” > %journalpubcustom-modules.ent;

<!– MODULE TO NAME THE MODULES –> <!– Declares all the external modules that are

part of the modular Journal Archiving and 
Interchange DTD Suite library. Thus it does
NOT declare itself; the DTD-specific 
module-of-modules; or the DTD-specific class,
mix, or model over-ride modules. Those are
declared in the DTD-specific module of modules.
   Since this module declares but does not
invoke modules, this DTD invokes any modules
it uses by referencing the external 
Parameter Entities defined in the Module of
Modules. To include a set of elements (such 
as all the lists or the MathML elements) this 
module defines the external Parameter Entity
for the module(s) that contains the MathML
declarations and the DTD references that 
entity.                                    -->

<!ENTITY % modules.ent PUBLIC

“-//NLM//DTD Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite Module of Modules v2.1 20050630//EN” “modules.ent” > %modules.ent;

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– CUSTOMIZATION MODULES INVOKED –> <!– Note: These modules must be called after –> <!– all Module of Modules but before any other –> <!– modules. Unlike any other grouping, order –> <!– of these modules matters. –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– DTD-SPECIFIC CLASS CUSTOMIZATIONS MODULE –> <!– Names the module that holds the DTD-specific

class definitions for the Journal Publishing
DTD that will over-ride classes in the Suite.
(Defined in %journalpubcustom-modules.ent;)-->

%journalpubcustom-classes.ent;

<!– DEFAULT ELEMENT CLASSES MODULE –> <!– Names the module that holds the standard

class definitions for the Journal Archiving
and Interchange DTD Suite.                 -->

%default-classes.ent;

<!– DTD-SPECIFIC MIX CUSTOMIZATIONS MODULE –> <!– Set up the Parameter Entities and element

class definitions that will be used to
over-ride some element mixes in this DTD.
(Defined in %journalpubcustom-modules.ent;)-->

%journalpubcustom-mixes.ent;

<!– DEFAULT MIX CUSTOMIZATIONS MODULE –> <!– Names the module that holds the standard

mix definitions for the Journal Archiving
and Interchange DTD Suite.                 -->

%default-mixes.ent;

<!– DTD-SPECIFIC MODELS/ATTRIBUTES CUSTOMIZATIONS

MODULE                                     -->

<!– Names the module that holds the over-rides

of content models, attribute lists, elements
lists to be used in content models, and
attribute values. These are DTD-specific.
(Defined in %journalpubcustom-modules.ent;)-->

%journalpubcustom-models.ent;

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– COMMON (SHARED) ELEMENTS MODULE INVOKED –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– COMMON (SHARED) DECLARATIONS –> <!– Declarations for elements, attributes,

entities, and Notations that are shared by
more than one class module. Note: Must be 
called before any of the class modules.    -->

%common.ent;

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– JOURNAL ARTICLE CLASS ELEMENTS (alpha) –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– ARTICLE METADATA ELEMENTS –> %articlemeta.ent;

<!– BACK MATTER ELEMENTS –> %backmatter.ent;

<!– DISPLAY (GRAPHICAL) ELEMENTS –> %display.ent;

<!– FORMATTING ELEMENT CLASSES –> <!– Elements that change rendition/display. –> %format.ent;

<!– JOURNAL METADATA ELEMENTS –> %journalmeta.ent;

<!– LINK CLASS ELEMENTS –> %link.ent;

<!– LIST CLASS ELEMENTS –> %list.ent;

<!– MATH ELEMENTS –> %math.ent;

<!– NLM CITATION ELEMENT –> %nlmcitation.ent;

<!– PARAGRAPH-LEVEL ELEMENTS –> %para.ent;

<!– PHRASE-LEVEL ELEMENTS –> %phrase.ent;

<!– BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE (CITATION)

CLASS ELEMENTS                             -->

%references.ent;

<!– SECTION ELEMENTS –> %section.ent;

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– THE REST OF THE EXTERNAL MODULES INVOKED –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– MATHML SETUP MODULE –> <!– Invoke the MathML modules –> %mathmlsetup.ent;

<!– XHTML TABLE SETUP MODULE –> <!– Set up the necessary Parameter Entity values

and then invoke XHTML (HTML 4.0) table 
module                                     -->

%XHTMLtablesetup.ent;

<!– SPECIAL CHARACTERS DECLARATIONS –> <!– Standard XML special character entities

used in this DTD                           -->

%xmlspecchars.ent;

<!– CUSTOM SPECIAL CHARACTERS DECLARATIONS –> <!– Custom special character entities created

specifically for use in this DTD Suite     -->

%chars.ent;

<!– NOTATION DECLARATIONS MODULE –> %notat.ent;

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– PARAMETER ENTITIES FOR ATTRIBUTE VALUES –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– ARTICLE TYPES –> <!– What kind of article is this? All articles

should have types assigned if possible.
                                           -->

<!ENTITY % article-types

"abstract | addendum | announcement | 
 article-commentary | book-review | 
 books-received | brief-report | calendar | 
 case-report | correction | discussion | 
 editorial | in-brief | introduction | 
 letter | meeting-report | news | obituary |
 oration | other | product-review | 
 reply | research-article | retraction |
 review-article"                             >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– PARAMETER ENTITIES FOR ATTRIBUTE LISTS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– DTD VERSION –> <!– What version of this DTD was used to make

the document instance under consideration.
Note that this is a fixed value that should
change every time the DTD changes versions or
revisions.                                 -->

<!ENTITY % dtd-version

"dtd-version        
            CDATA                          #FIXED '2.1'" >

<!– ARTICLE ATTRIBUTES –> <!– Attributes for the top-level element

<article>                                  -->

<!ENTITY % article-atts

"article-type   
            (%article-types;)                  #IMPLIED
 %dtd-version;                              
 xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            'EN'     
 %XLINK.xmlns.attrib;
 %MATHML.xmlns.attrib;
 %Schema.xmlns.attrib;"                                  >

<!– SUB-ARTICLE ATTRIBUTES –> <!– Attributes for the <sub-article> element –> <!ENTITY % sub-article-atts

"article-type   
            (%article-types;)                  #IMPLIED
 xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            'EN'"     >

<!– RESPONSE ATTRIBUTES –> <!– Attributes for the <response> element –> <!ENTITY % response-atts

"response-type   
            CDATA                              #IMPLIED
 xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            'EN'"     >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– JOURNAL ARTICLE ELEMENTS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– ARTICLE MODEL (LIMITED) –> <!ENTITY % article-short-model

"(front, body?, back?)"                      >

<!– ARTICLE MODEL WITH SUBARTICLE OR RESPONSE –> <!ENTITY % article-full-model

"(front, body?, back?, 
 (sub-article* | response*) )"               >

<!– ARTICLE –> <!– The complete content of a journal article.

An article is potentially divided into 
four (more typically three) parts: 1) the
Front Matter (article metadata or header),
the body of the article (main content), any
ancillary information such as a glossary or
appendix, and (the least common) a
response, that is a commentary on the
article itself.                            -->

<!ELEMENT article %article-full-model; >

<!– article-type

           What kind of article is this?  
           Note: When the article is a commentary on 
           another article, for example a correction or
           addendum, this attribute is metadata for the 
           commentary itself, it does NOT define the 
           kind of article that is being corrected or
           amended.
           Authoring Note: All articles
           should have types assigned if possible.
             abstract   The article itself is an 
                        abstract (of a paper or
                        presentation), usually that 
                        has been presented or published 
                        separately.
             addendum   A published item that adds
                        additional information or
                        clarification to another item
                        Similar value "correction"
                        corrects an error in previously
                        published material
             announcement
                        Material announced in the 
                        publication (may or may not be
                        directly related to the pub)
             article-commentary
                        An item whose subject or focus
                        is another article or articles; 
                        this article comments on the 
                        other article(s) (For example,
                        for a controversial article, the
                        editors of the publication 
                        might invite an author of the
                        opposing opinion to comment on
                        the first article, and publish
                        the two together.)
             book-review
                        Review or analysis of one or more
                        printed or online books (Note
                        that product reviews are a
                        separate type.)
             books-received
                        Notification of items such as
                        books that have been received
                        by the publication for review
                        or other consideration
             brief-report
                        A short and/or rapid announcement 
                        of research results
             calendar   A list of events
             case-report
                        Case study, case report, or other
                        description of a case
             correction A modification, or
                        correction of previously
                        published material (sometimes
                        called "errata") Similar value
                        "addendum" merely adds to 
                        previously published material
             discussion Invited discussion related to a 
                        specific article or issue
             editorial  Opinion piece, policy statement,
                        or general commentary, typically
                        written by staff of the
                        publication. Note: similar value
                        "article-commentary" is reserved 
                        for a commentary on a specific
                        article or articles.
             in-brief   Summary of items in the current 
                        issue
             introduction
                        An introduction to the
                        publication, a series of articles
                        within the publication, etc.,
                        typically for a special section
                        or issue
             letter     Letter to the publication,
                        typically commenting upon a
                        published item
             meeting-report
                         Report of a conference, 
                         symposium, or meeting
             news        News item
             obituary    Announcement of a death or
                         appreciation of a colleague
                         who has recently died
             oration     Reprint of a speech or oral 
                         presentation
             other       Not any of the article types
                         explicitly named in this list
             product-review
                         Description, analysis, or review
                         of a product or service, for
                         example a software package (note
                         that book review is a separate
                         type)
             reply       Reply to a letter or commentary,
                         typically by the original
                         author commenting upon the
                         comments
             research-article
                         Research article
             retraction  Retraction of previously
                         published material
             review-article
                         Review or state-of-the-art
                         summary article                   
dtd-version 
           Which version of the DTD does this article
           use? The value is a #FIXED attribute, so
           the entire attribute definition is defined
           in a Parameter Entity, so the next version
           of the DTD can use a different #FIXED value.
xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
           element is expressed.  Recommended best 
           practice is to use values as defined in
           RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
           codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
           and "DE" (German).  These values are NOT
           case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
           may include hyphenated differentiations such 
           as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
           (United States English).
           Processing and Conversion Note: All other
           xml:lang attributes within the article
           inherit the value set on <article> unless
           explicitly set themselves with their own
           "xml:lang" attribute.                      
xmlns      Set up the pseudo-attributes for the
           namespaces for any namespaces used in this
           DTD.  XLink and MathML are set up in the
           MathML modules. These xmlns are called
           here because certain older tools will not
           work properly with namespaces unless they
           are declared on the top level element.
           The PEs are defined in the MathML modules. -->

<!ATTLIST article

%article-atts;                                          >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– FRONT MATTER ELEMENTS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– FRONT MATTER MODEL –> <!ENTITY % front-model “(journal-meta, article-meta,

(%front-back.class;)? )"                   >

<!– FRONT MATTER –> <!– The metadata concerning an article, such as

the name and issue of the journal in which it
appears and the name and author(s) of the 
article.
In some journal DTDs this is called the
header information, and it includes metadata
concerning the journal <journal-meta> and 
metadata concerning the issue of the journal 
and the individual article <article-meta>. -->

<!ELEMENT front %front-model; >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– BODY ELEMENTS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– BODY MODEL –> <!– Content model for the Body (main textual

content) of a journal article.             -->

<!ENTITY % body-model “((%para-level;)*, (%sec-level;)*)” >

<!– BODY OF THE ARTICLE –> <!– The main textual portion of the article that

conveys the content.                       -->

<!ELEMENT body %body-model; >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– BACK MATTER ELEMENTS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– BACK MATTER MODEL –> <!– Content model for the Back Matter (ancillary

material such as appendices) of a journal
article.                                   -->

<!ENTITY % back-model “(title*, (%doc-back-matter-mix;)* )” >

<!– BACK MATTER –> <!– Ancillary or supporting material not included

as part of the main textual content of a 
journal article, for example appendices and
acknowledgments.                           -->

<!ELEMENT back %back-model; >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– SUBARTICLE –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– SUBARTICLE –> <!– An article that is completely contained

inside another article. Both the article and
the sub-article have their own metadata. The
article has at very least journal and issue
information and start and end pages; it may
have a title, author, or other metadata.
The sub-article has its own, independent 
metadata, such as authors, that it 
may not share with the article that
encloses it.                                  
Conversion Note: "Superarticles" that contain
other articles rarely contain much content of
their own, perhaps just a title and 
introductory paragraph.                   
Authoring Note: This construction is NOT to 
be used for an article and its response, or
for a series of responses, even if the
original article to which the responses are
replying is elsewhere.                     -->

<!ELEMENT sub-article %article-full-model; > <!– article-type

           What kind of article is this?  
           Note: When the article is a commentary on 
           another article, for example a correction or
           addendum, this attribute is metadata for the 
           commentary itself, it does NOT define the 
           kind of article that is being corrected or
           amended.
           Authoring Note: All articles
           should have types assigned if possible.
             abstract   The article itself is an 
                        abstract (of a paper or
                        presentation), usually that 
                        has been presented or published 
                        separately.
             addendum   A published item that adds
                        additional information or
                        clarification to another item
                        Similar value "correction"
                        corrects an error in previously
                        published material
             announcement
                        Material announced in the 
                        publication (may or may not be
                        directly related to the pub)
             article-commentary
                        An item whose subject or focus
                        is another article or articles; 
                        this article comments on the 
                        other article(s) (For example,
                        for a controversial article, the
                        editors of the publication 
                        might invite an author of the
                        opposing opinion to comment on
                        the first article, and publish
                        the two together.)
             book-review
                        Review or analysis of one or more
                        printed or online books (Note
                        that product reviews are a
                        separate type.)
             books-received
                        Notification of items such as
                        books that have been received
                        by the publication for review
                        or other consideration
             brief-report
                        A short and/or rapid announcement 
                        of research results
             calendar   A list of events
             case-report
                        Case study, case report, or other
                        description of a case
             correction A modification, or
                        correction of previously
                        published material (sometimes
                        called "errata") Similar value
                        "addendum" merely adds to 
                        previously published material
             discussion Invited discussion related to a 
                        specific article or issue
             editorial  Opinion piece, policy statement,
                        or general commentary, typically
                        written by staff of the
                        publication. Note: similar value
                        "article-commentary" is reserved 
                        for a commentary on a specific
                        article or articles.
             in-brief   Summary of items in the current 
                        issue
             introduction
                        An introduction to the
                        publication, a series of articles
                        within the publication, etc.,
                        typically for a special section
                        or issue
             letter     Letter to the publication,
                        typically commenting upon a
                        published item
             meeting-report
                         Report of a conference, 
                         symposium, or meeting
             news        News item
             obituary    Announcement of a death or
                         appreciation of a colleague
                         who has recently died
             oration     Reprint of a speech or oral 
                         presentation
             other       Not any of the article types
                         explicitly named in this list
             product-review
                         Description, analysis, or review
                         of a product or service, for
                         example a software package (note
                         that book review is a separate
                         type)
             reply       Reply to a letter or commentary,
                         typically by the original
                         author commenting upon the
                         comments
             research-article
                         Research article
             retraction  Retraction of previously
                         published material
             review-article
                         Review or state-of-the-art
                         summary article                   
xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
           element is expressed.  Recommended best 
           practice is to use values as defined in
           RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
           codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
           and "DE" (German).  These values are NOT
           case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
           may include hyphenated differentiations such 
           as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
           (United States English).
           Processing and Conversion Note: All other
           xml:lang attributes within the article
           inherit the value set on <article> unless
           explicitly set themselves with their own
           "xml:lang" attribute.                      -->

<!ATTLIST sub-article

%sub-article-atts;                                      >

<!– ============================================================= –> <!– RESPONSE ELEMENTS –> <!– ============================================================= –>

<!– RESPONSE –> <!– Reply, response, or commentary concerning the

journal article. In the typical case, the
response is included in the same XML package 
as the original article, and thus attached 
at the end of the article proper.
Authoring Note: Frequently a reply or
response is an article in its own right, not
included as part of the original article.
Such an article could use the 
<related-article> element in the article 
metadata to record the metadata for the 
original article.     
Conversion Note: This construction can also
be used for the pathological case, rarely
seen, in which several responses to an 
article are lumped together into a single
container which is not the original article,
merely a collection of responses. In one
example we examined, the first two responses
were to an original article which was else-
where and the third response was a response
to the first two responses.                -->

<!ELEMENT response %article-short-model; >

<!– response-type

           What kind of response is this?
           Note: This does NOT define the kind of
           article on which the response is commenting,
           it is metadata for the response itself.
           Authoring Note: Use of this attribute is not
           to be encouraged.  It was added to allow for
           observed cases of a series of articles
           being chained together as an introduction,
           an article, and several responses.          
xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
           element is expressed.  Recommended best 
           practice is to use values as defined in
           RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
           codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
           and "DE" (German).  These values are NOT
           case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
           may include hyphenated differentiations such 
           as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
           (United States English).
           Processing and Conversion Note: All other
           xml:lang attributes within the article
           inherit the value set on <article> unless
           explicitly set themselves with their own
           "xml:lang" attribute.                      -->

<!ATTLIST response

response-type   
           CDATA                              #IMPLIED
xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            "EN"      >

<!– ================== End Journal Publishing DTD =============== –>