Overview of changes in 2.8
==========================


Overview of changes in 2.7
==========================
New features
------------
Multi-socket support for servers
    OpenVPN servers now can listen on multiple sockets at the same time.
    Multiple ``--local`` statements in the configuration can be used to
    configure this. This way the same server can e.g. listen for UDP
    and TCP connections at the same time, or listen on multiple addresses
    and/or ports.

Client implementations for DNS options sent by server for Linux/BSD/macOS
    Linux, BSD and macOS versions of OpenVPN now ship with a per-platform
    default ``--dns-updown`` script that implements proper handling of
    DNS configuration sent by the server.  The scripts should work on
    systems that use ``systemd`` or ``resolveconf`` to manage the DNS
    setup, as well as raw ``/etc/resolv.conf`` files. However, the exact
    features supported will depend on the configuration method.
    On Linux and MacOS this should usually make split-DNS configurations
    supported out-of-the-box now.

    Note that this new script will not be used by default if a ``--up``
    script is already in use to reduce problems with
    backwards compatibility.

    See documentation for ``--dns-updown`` and ``--dns`` for more details.

New client implementation for DNS options sent by server for Windows
    The Windows client now uses NRPT (Name Resolution Policy Table) to
    handle DNS configurations. This adds support for split-DNS and DNSSEC
    and improves the compatbility with local DNS resolvers. Requires the
    interactive service.

On Windows the ``block-local`` flag is now enforced with WFP filters.
    The ``block-local`` flag to ``--redirect-gateway`` and
    ``--redirect-private`` is now also enforced via the Windows Firewall,
    making sure packets can't be sent to the local network.
    This provides stronger protection against TunnelCrack-style attacks.

Windows network adapters are now generated on demand
    This means that on systems that run multiple OpenVPN connections at
    the same time the users don't need to manually create enough network
    adapters anymore (in addition to the ones created by the installer).

Windows automatic service now runs as an unpriviledged user
    All tasks that need privileges are now delegated to the interactive
    service.
    **NOTE** this has the risk of breaking existing setups if the
    Windows certificate store is used (cryptoapi), and the certificates
    are not readable for ``NT SERVICE\OpenVPNService``.

Support for new version of Linux DCO module
    The OpenVPN DCO module has been merged into the Linux kernel as of
    6.16.  This required some API changes and OpenVPN 2.7 only supports
    the new API. The new module is called ``ovpn``. Out-of-tree builds
    for older kernels are available from
    https://github.com/OpenVPN/ovpn-backports. Please
    see the release announcements for further information.

Support for server mode in win-dco driver
    On Windows the win-dco driver can now be used in server setups.

Support for TLS client floating in DCO implementations
    The kernel modules will detect clients floating to a new IP address
    and notify userland so both data packets (kernel) and TLS packets
    (sent by userland) can reach the new client IP.
    (Actual support depends on recent-enough kernel implementation)

Enforcement of AES-GCM usage limit
    OpenVPN will now enforce the usage limits on AES-GCM with the same
    confidentiality margin as TLS 1.3 does. This mean that renegotiation will
    be triggered after roughly 2^28 to 2^31 packets depending of the packet
    size. More details about usage limit of AES-GCM can be found here:

    https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-cfrg-aead-limits/

Epoch data keys and packet format
    This introduces the epoch data format for AEAD data channel
    ciphers in TLS mode ciphers. This new data format has a number of
    improvements over the standard "DATA_V2" format.

    - AEAD tag at the end of packet which is more hardware implementation
      friendly
    - Automatic key switchover when cipher usage limits are hit, similar to
      the epoch data keys in (D)TLS 1.3
    - 64 bit instead of 32 bit packet ids to allow the data channel to be
      ready for 10 GBit/s without having frequent renegotiation
    - IV constructed with XOR instead of concatenation to not have (parts) of
      the real IV on the wire

Support for Epoch data channel on Windows, using the win-dco driver (2.8.0+)

Default ciphers in ``--data-ciphers``
    Ciphers in ``--data-ciphers`` can contain the string DEFAULT that is
    replaced by the default ciphers used by OpenVPN, making it easier to
    add an allowed cipher without having to spell out the default ciphers.

TLS alerts
    OpenVPN 2.7 will send out TLS alerts to peers informing them if the TLS
    session shuts down or when the TLS implementation informs the peer about
    an error in the TLS session (e.g. mismatching TLS versions). This improves
    the user experience as the client shows an error instead of running into
    a timeout when the server just stops responding completely.

Support for tun/tap via unix domain socket and lwipovpn support
    To allow better testing and emulating a full client with a full
    network stack OpenVPN now allows a program executed to provide
    a tun/tap device instead of opening a device.

    The co-developed lwipovpn program based on lwIP stack allows to
    simulate full IP stack. An OpenVPN client using
    ``--dev-node unix:/path/to/lwipovpn`` can emulate a full client that
    can be pinged, can serve a website and more without requiring any
    elevated permission. This can make testing OpenVPN much easier.

    For more details see
    `lwipovpn on Github <https://github.com/OpenVPN/lwipovpn>`_.

Allow overriding username with ``--override-username``
    This is intended to allow using ``--auth-gen-token`` in scenarios where the
    clients use certificates and multi-factor authentication.  This will
    also generate a ``push "auth-token-user newusername"`` directive in
    push replies.

``--port-share`` now properly supports IPv6
    Issues with logging of IPv6 addresses were fixed. The feature now allows
    IPv6 connections towards the proxy receiver.

Support for Haiku OS

TLS1.3 support with mbedTLS (requires mbedTLS >= 3.6.4)

PUSH_UPDATE client support
    It is now possible to update parts of the client-side configuration
    (IP address, routes, MTU, DNS) by sending a new server-to-client
    control message, ``PUSH_UPDATE,<options>``.
    See also: https://openvpn.github.io/openvpn-rfc/openvpn-wire-protocol.html
    NOTE: PUSH_UPDATE client support is currently disabled if DCO
    is active (on all platforms).

PUSH_UPDATE server support (minimal)
    New management interface commands ``push-update-broad`` and
    ``push-update-cid`` to send PUSH_UPDATE option updates to all
    clients ("there is a new DNS server") or only a specific client ID
    ("privileges have changed, here's a new IP address").  See
    doc/management-notes.txt
    NOTE: PUSH_UPDATE server support is currently disabled if DCO
    is active (on all platforms).

Support for user-defined routing tables on Linux
    See the ``--route-table`` option in the manpage

PQE support for WolfSSL

Two new environment variables have been introduced to communicate desired
    default gateway redirection to plugins like Network Manager,
    ``route_redirect_gateway_ipv4`` and ``route_redirect_gateway_ipv6``.
    See the "Environmental Variables" section in the man page

Improved logging of service events/errors to event log on Windows.

"Recursive Routing" check is now more granular, and will only drop
   packets-in-tunnel if destination IP, protocol and port matches with
   those needed to reach the VPN server.  With that change, you can now
   use policies that direct "everything that is not OpenVPN" into the
   tunnel, and have IP packets to the VPN server address arrive as
   expected (no such policies are currently installed by OpenVPN)
   (GH: OpenVPN/openvpn#669).

COPYING: license details only relevant to our Windows installers have
   been updated and moved to the openvpn-build repo

Improved BYTECOUNT support - more strictly adhere to timing interval
   requested, correctly support client and server counters with Linux and
   Windows DCO offloading.

Improve compatibility with OpenSSL 3.6.0 (do not fail t_lpback selftest)

New option ``--tls-crypt-v2-max-age n`` to check tls-crypt-v2 timestamps
   (When a client is older than n days or has no timestamp, the server
    will reject it)

mbedTLS 4 support has been added.
   Note that with mbedTLS 4 algorithms need to be translated to
   mbedTLS 4 internal IDs by OpenVPN, and some names might be
   missing.


Deprecated features
-------------------
``secret`` support has been removed (by default).
    static key mode (non-TLS) is no longer considered "good and secure enough"
    for today's requirements.  Use TLS mode instead.  If deploying a PKI CA
    is considered "too complicated", using ``--peer-fingerprint`` makes
    TLS mode about as easy as using ``--secret``.

    This mode can still be enabled by using
    ``--allow-deprecated-insecure-static-crypto`` but will be removed in
    OpenVPN 2.8.

Support for wintun Windows driver has been removed.
    OpenVPN 2.6 added support for the new dco-win driver, so it supported
    three different device drivers: dco-win, wintun, and tap-windows6.
    OpenVPN 2.7 now drops the support for wintun driver. By default
    all modern configs should be supported by dco-win driver. In all
    other cases OpenVPN will fall back automatically to tap-windows6
    driver.

NTLMv1 authentication support for HTTP proxies has been removed.
    This is considered an insecure method of authentication that uses
    obsolete crypto algorithms.
    NTLMv2 support is still available, but will be removed in a future
    release.
    When configured to authenticate with NTLMv1 (``ntlm`` keyword in
    ``--http-proxy``) OpenVPN will try NTLMv2 instead.

``persist-key`` option has been enabled by default.
    All the keys will be kept in memory across restart.

OpenSSL 1.0.2 support has been removed.
    Support for building with OpenSSL 1.0.2 has been removed. The minimum
    supported OpenSSL version is now 1.1.0.

mbedTLS 2.x support has been removed
    Support for building with mbedTLS 2.x has been removed (it is out
    of support since March 2025, and the necessary compatibility code
    is making maintenance and support for mbedTLS 4.x hard).
    The minimum supported mbedTLS version is now 3.2.1.

Compression on send has been removed.
    OpenVPN 2.7 will never compress data before sending. Decompression of
    received data is still supported.
    ``--allow-compression yes`` is now an alias for
    ``--allow-compression asym``.

``--memstats`` feature removed
    The ``--memstats`` option was largely undocumented and there is no known
    user of this feature.  This feature provided very limited statistics
    (number of users, link bytes read/written) and we do not except any
    usage because of this.

Using ``--push`` in a mode that is not ``--mode server`` will now print a
    clear warning that this is an unsupported operation and might cause
    negotiation failures.

``--reneg-bytes`` and ``--reneg-packets`` do not work in DCO mode, and will
    now print an appropriate warning.

On-connect resolving of ``--remote`` addresses in ``--tcp-server`` mode
    was not working since 2.4, so the code was completely removed.


User-visible Changes
--------------------
- Default for ``--topology`` changed to ``subnet`` for ``--mode server``.
  Previous releases always used ``net30`` as default. This only affects
  configs with ``--mode server`` or ``--server`` (the latter implies the
  former), and ``--dev tun``, and only if IPv4 is enabled.
  Note that this changes the semantics of ``--ifconfig``, so if you have
  manual settings for that in your config but not set ``--topology``
  your config might fail to parse with the new version. Just adding
  ``--topology net30`` to the config should fix the problem.
  By default ``--topology`` is pushed from server to client.

- ``--x509-username-field`` will no longer automatically convert fieldnames to
  uppercase. This was deprecated since OpenVPN 2.4, and has now been removed.

- ``--dh none`` is now the default if ``--dh`` is not specified. Modern TLS
  implementations will prefer ECDH and other more modern algorithms anyway.
  And finite field Diffie Hellman is in the proces of being deprecated
  (see draft-ietf-tls-deprecate-obsolete-kex)

- ``--lport 0`` does not imply ``--bind`` anymore.

- ``--redirect-gateway`` now works correctly if the VPN remote is not
  reachable by the default gateway.

- ``--show-gateway`` now supports querying the gateway for IPv4 addresses.

- ``--static-challenge`` option now has a third parameter ``format`` that
  can change how password and challenge response should be combined.

- ``--key`` and ``--cert`` now accept URIs implemented in OpenSSL 3 as well as
  optional OpenSSL 3 providers loaded using ``--providers`` option.

- ``--cryptoapicert`` now supports issuer name as well as Windows CA template
  name or OID as selector string.

- TLS handshake debugging information contains much more details now when
  using recent versions of OpenSSL.

- The ``IV_PLAT_VER`` variable sent by Windows clients now contains the
  full Windows build version to make it possible to determine the
  Windows 10 or Windows 11 version used.

- The ``--windows-driver`` option to select between various windows
  drivers will no longer do anything - it's kept so existing configs
  will not become invalid, but it is ignored with a warning.  The default
  is now ``ovpn-dco`` if all options used are compatible with DCO, with
  a fallback to ``tap-windows6``.  To force TAP (for example because a
  server pushes DCO incompatible options), use the ``--disable-dco``
  option.

- Apply more checks to incoming TLS handshake packets before creating
  new state - namely, verify message ID / acked ID for "valid range for
  an initial packet".  This fixes a problem with clients that float
  very early but send control channel packet from the pre-float IP
  (Github: OpenVPN/openvpn#704).

- Use of ``--dh dh2048.pem`` in all sample configs has been replaced
  with ``--dh none``.  The ``dh2048.pem`` file has been removed.

- The startup delay in ``t_client.sh`` has been reduced from 3s to 1s,
  making a noticeable difference for setups with many tests.

- Changed from using ``uncrustify`` for code formatting and pre-commit checks
  to ``clang-format``.  This reformatted quite a bit of code, and requires
  that regular committers change their pre-commit checks accordingly.

- On Linux, on interfaces where applicable, OpenVPN explicitly configures
  the broadcast address again.  This was dropped for 2.6.0 "because
  computers are smart and can do it themselves", but the kernel netlink
  interface isn't, and will install "0.0.0.0".  This does not normally
  matter, but for broadcast-based applications that get the address to
  use from "ifconfig", this change repairs functionality (this has
  been backported to 2.6.15, but is not in earlier 2.6 versions).

- ``max-routes-per-client 0`` used to be silently upgraded to ``1``.  This
  now produces an error.

- ``ifconfig`` and ``ifconfig-ipv6`` values are now stored in pre-connect
  options cache, and will be restored to pre-connect values on reconnects
  if the server stops pushing the respective option.

- ``tapctl.exe`` helper binary on Windows has been reworked to improve
  help texts (making clear that it can not only do TAP-Adapters but
  Win-DCO as well), add printing of the hwid to all adapter outputs, and
  change the default adapter type created to ``ovpn-dco``.

- The default for ``multihome`` egress interface handling has changed.
  2.7.0 will default to ipi_ifindex=0, that is, leave the decision to the
  routing/policy setup of the operating system.  The pre-2.7 behaviour
  (force egress = ingress interface) can be achieved with the new
  ``--multihome same-interface`` sub-option.

- Windows ``openvpn.exe`` binary manifest now sets code page UTF8 - which
  has no direct effect on OpenVPN itself, but this repairs OpenSSL file
  loading for key/cert files with non-ASCII characters in their file names
  (GH: OpenVPN/openvpn#920).

- The ``test-crypto`` option no longer requires a ``--secret`` argument and
  will automatically generate a random key.

- The configure-time option ``--enable-x509-alt-username`` is no longer
  conditional, and always-on (GH: OpenVPN/openvpn#917).


Deprecated features
-------------------
``--opt-verify`` feature removed
    This option was already deprecated and it is now being converted to a
    no-op. Using this option will only print a warning.


Overview of changes in 2.6
==========================

Project changes
---------------

We want to deprecate our old Trac bug tracking system.
Please report any issues with this release in GitHub
instead: https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn/issues

New features
------------
Support unlimited number of connection entries and remote entries

New management commands to enumerate and list remote entries
    Use ``remote-entry-count`` and ``remote-entry-get``
    commands from the management interface to get the number of
    remote entries and the entries themselves.

Keying Material Exporters (RFC 5705) based key generation
    As part of the cipher negotiation OpenVPN will automatically prefer
    the RFC5705 based key material generation to the current custom
    OpenVPN PRF. This feature requires OpenSSL or mbed TLS 2.18+.

Compatibility with OpenSSL in FIPS mode
    OpenVPN will now work with OpenSSL in FIPS mode. Note, no effort
    has been made to check or implement all the
    requirements/recommendation of FIPS 140-2. This just allows OpenVPN
    to be run on a system that be configured OpenSSL in FIPS mode.

``mlock`` will now check if enough memlock-able memory has been reserved,
    and if less than 100MB RAM are available, use setrlimit() to upgrade
    the limit.  See Trac #1390.  Not available on OpenSolaris.

Certificate pinning/verify peer fingerprint
    The ``--peer-fingerprint`` option has been introduced to give users an
    easy to use alternative to the ``tls-verify`` for matching the
    fingerprint of the peer. The option takes use a number of allowed
    SHA256 certificate fingerprints.

    See the man page section "Small OpenVPN setup with peer-fingerprint"
    for a tutorial on how to use this feature. This is also available online
    under https://github.com/openvpn/openvpn/blob/master/doc/man-sections/example-fingerprint.rst

TLS mode with self-signed certificates
    When ``--peer-fingerprint`` is used, the ``--ca`` and ``--capath`` option
    become optional. This allows for small OpenVPN setups without setting up
    a PKI with Easy-RSA or similar software.

Deferred auth support for scripts
    The ``--auth-user-pass-verify`` script supports now deferred authentication.

Pending auth support for plugins and scripts
    Both auth plugin and script can now signal pending authentication to
    the client when using deferred authentication. The new ``client-crresponse``
    script option and ``OPENVPN_PLUGIN_CLIENT_CRRESPONSE`` plugin function can
    be used to parse a client response to a ``CR_TEXT`` two factor challenge.

    See ``sample/sample-scripts/totpauth.py`` for an example.

Compatibility mode (``--compat-mode``)
    The modernisation of defaults can impact the compatibility of OpenVPN 2.6.0
    with older peers. The options ``--compat-mode`` allows UIs to provide users
    with an easy way to still connect to older servers.

OpenSSL 3.0 support
    OpenSSL 3.0 has been added. Most of OpenSSL 3.0 changes are not user visible but
    improve general compatibility with OpenSSL 3.0. ``--tls-cert-profile insecure``
    has been added to allow selecting the lowest OpenSSL security level (not
    recommended, use only if you must). OpenSSL 3.0 no longer supports the Blowfish
    (and other deprecated) algorithm by default and the new option ``--providers``
    allows loading the legacy provider to renable these algorithms.

Optional ciphers in ``--data-ciphers``
    Ciphers in ``--data-ciphers`` can now be prefixed with a ``?`` to mark
    those as optional and only use them if the SSL library supports them.


Improved ``--mssfix`` and ``--fragment`` calculation
    The ``--mssfix`` and ``--fragment`` options now allow an optional :code:`mtu`
    parameter to specify that different overhead for IPv4/IPv6 should taken into
    account and the resulting size is specified as the total size of the VPN packets
    including IP and UDP headers.

Cookie based handshake for UDP server
    Instead of allocating a connection for each client on the initial packet
    OpenVPN server will now use an HMAC based cookie as its session id. This
    way the server can verify it on completing the handshake without keeping
    state. This eliminates the amplification and resource exhaustion attacks.
    For tls-crypt-v2 clients, this requires OpenVPN 2.6 clients or later
    because the client needs to resend its client key on completing the hand
    shake. The tls-crypt-v2 option allows controlling if older clients are
    accepted.

    By default the rate of initial packet responses is limited to 100 per 10s
    interval to avoid OpenVPN servers being abused in reflection attacks
    (see ``--connect-freq-initial``).

Data channel offloading with ovpn-dco
    2.6.0+ implements support for data-channel offloading where the data packets
    are directly processed and forwarded in kernel space thanks to the ovpn-dco
    kernel module. The userspace openvpn program acts purely as a control plane
    application. Note that DCO will use DATA_V2 packets in P2P mode, therefore,
    this implies that peers must be running 2.6.0+ in order to have P2P-NCP
    which brings DATA_V2 packet support.

Session timeout
    It is now possible to terminate a session (or all) after a specified amount
    of seconds has passed session commencement. This behaviour can be configured
    using ``--session-timeout``. This option can be configured on the server, on
    the client or can also be pushed.

Inline auth username and password
    Username and password can now be specified inline in the configuration file
    within the <auth-user-pass></auth-user-pass> tags. If the password is
    missing OpenVPN will prompt for input via stdin. This applies to inline'd
    http-proxy-user-pass too.

Tun MTU can be pushed
    The  client can now also dynamically configure its MTU and the server
    will try to push the client MTU when the client supports it. The
    directive ``--tun-mtu-max`` has been introduced to increase the maximum
    pushable MTU size (defaults to 1600).

Dynamic TLS Crypt
    When both peers are OpenVPN 2.6.1+, OpenVPN will dynamically create
    a tls-crypt key that is used for renegotiation. This ensure that only the
    previously authenticated peer can do trigger renegotiation and complete
    renegotiations.

Improved control channel packet size control (``max-packet-size``)
    The size of control channel is no longer tied to
    ``--link-mtu``/``--tun-mtu`` and can be set using ``--max-packet-size``.
    Sending large control channel frames is also optimised by allowing 6
    outstanding packets instead of just 4. ``max-packet-size`` will also set
    ``mssfix`` to try to limit data-channel packets as well.

Deprecated features
-------------------
``inetd`` has been removed
    This was a very limited and not-well-tested way to run OpenVPN, on TCP
    and TAP mode only.

``verify-hash`` has been deprecated
    This option has very limited usefulness and should be replaced by either
    a better ``--ca`` configuration or with a ``--tls-verify`` script.

``secret`` has been deprecated
    static key mode (non-TLS) is no longer considered "good and secure enough"
    for today's requirements.  Use TLS mode instead.  If deploying a PKI CA
    is considered "too complicated", using ``--peer-fingerprint`` makes
    TLS mode about as easy as using ``--secret``.

``ncp-disable`` has been removed
    This option mainly served a role as debug option when NCP was first
    introduced. It should now no longer be necessary.

TLS 1.0 and 1.1 are deprecated
    ``tls-version-min`` is set to 1.2 by default.  OpenVPN 2.6.0 defaults
    to a minimum TLS version of 1.2 as TLS 1.0 and 1.1 should be generally
    avoided. Note that OpenVPN versions older than 2.3.7 use TLS 1.0 only.

``--cipher`` argument is no longer appended to ``--data-ciphers``
    by default. Data cipher negotiation has been introduced in 2.4.0
    and been significantly improved in 2.5.0. The implicit fallback
    to the cipher specified in ``--cipher`` has been removed.
    Effectively, ``--cipher`` is a no-op in TLS mode now, and will
    only have an effect in pre-shared-key mode (``--secret``).
    From now on ``--cipher`` should not be used in new configurations
    for TLS mode.
    Should backwards compatibility with older OpenVPN peers be
    required, please see the ``--compat-mode`` instead.

``--prng`` has beeen removed
    OpenVPN used to implement its own PRNG based on a hash. However implementing
    a PRNG is better left to a crypto library. So we use the PRNG
    mbed TLS or OpenSSL now.

``--keysize`` has been removed
    The ``--keysize`` option was only useful to change the key length when using the
    BF, CAST6 or RC2 ciphers. For all other ciphers the key size is fixed with the
    chosen cipher. As OpenVPN v2.6 no longer supports any of these variable length
    ciphers, this option was removed as well to avoid confusion.

Compression no longer enabled by default
    Unless an explicit compression option is specified in the configuration,
    ``--allow-compression`` defaults to ``no`` in OpeNVPN 2.6.0.
    By default, OpenVPN 2.5 still allowed a server to enable compression by
    pushing compression related options.

PF (Packet Filtering) support has been removed
   The built-in PF functionality has been removed from the code base. This
   feature wasn't really easy to use and was long unmaintained.
   This implies that also ``--management-client-pf`` and any other compile
   time or run time related option do not exist any longer.

Option conflict checking is being deprecated and phased out
    The static option checking (OCC) is no longer useful in typical setups
    that negotiate most connection parameters. The ``--opt-verify`` and
    ``--occ-disable`` options are deprecated, and the configure option
    ``--enable-strict-options`` has been removed. Logging of mismatched
    options has been moved to debug logging (verb 7).

User-visible Changes
--------------------
- CHACHA20-POLY1305 is included in the default of ``--data-ciphers`` when available.
- Option ``--prng`` is ignored as we rely on the SSL library random number generator.
- Option ``--nobind`` is default when ``--client`` or ``--pull`` is used in the configuration
- :code:`link_mtu` parameter is removed from environment or replaced with 0 when scripts are
  called with parameters. This parameter is unreliable and no longer internally calculated.

- control channel packet maximum size is no longer influenced by
  ``--link-mtu``/``--tun-mtu`` and must be set by ``--max-packet-size`` now.
  The default is 1250 for the control channel size.

- In point-to-point OpenVPN setups (no ``--server``), using
  ``--explict-exit-notiy`` on one end would terminate the other side at
  session end.  This is considered a no longer useful default and has
  been changed to "restart on reception of explicit-exit-notify message".
  If the old behaviour is still desired, ``--remap-usr1 SIGTERM`` can be used.

- FreeBSD tun interfaces with ``--topology subnet`` are now put into real
  subnet mode (IFF_BROADCAST instead of IFF_POINTOPOINT) - this might upset
  software that enumerates interfaces, looking for "broadcast capable?" and
  expecting certain results.  Normal uses should not see any difference.

- The default configurations will no longer allow connections to OpenVPN 2.3.x
  peer or earlier, use the new ``--compat-mode`` option if you need
  compatibility with older versions. See the manual page on the
  ``--compat-mode`` for details.

- The ``client-pending-auth`` management command now requires also the
  key id. The management version has been changed to 5 to indicate this change.

- (OpenVPN 2.6.2) A client will now refuse a connection if pushed compression
  settings will contradict the setting of allow-compression as this almost
  always results in a non-working connection.

- The "kill" by addr management command now requires also the protocol
  as string e.g. "udp", "tcp".

Common errors with OpenSSL 3.0 and OpenVPN 2.6
----------------------------------------------
Both OpenVPN 2.6 and OpenSSL 3.0 tighten the security considerable, so some
configuration will no longer work. This section will cover the most common
causes and error message we have seen and explain their reason and temporary
workarounds. You should fix the underlying problems as soon as possible since
these workaround are not secure and will eventually stop working in a future
update.

- weak SHA1 or MD5 signature on certificates

  This will happen on either loading of certificates or on connection
  to a server::

      OpenSSL: error:0A00018E:SSL routines::ca md too weak
      Cannot load certificate file cert.crt
      Exiting due to fatal error

  OpenSSL 3.0 no longer allows weak signatures on certificates. You can
  downgrade your security to allow them by using ``--tls-cert-profile insecure``
  but should replace/regenerate these certificates as soon as possible.


- 1024 bit RSA certificates, 1024 bit DH parameters, other weak keys

  This happens if you use private keys or other cryptographic material that
  does not meet today's cryptographic standards anymore. Messages are similar
  to::

      OpenSSL: error:0A00018F:SSL routines::ee key too small
      OpenSSL: error:1408518A:SSL routines:ssl3_ctx_ctrl:dh key too small

  DH parameters (``--dh``) can be regenerated with ``openssl dhparam 2048``.
  For other cryptographic keys, these keys and certificates need to be
  regenerated. TLS Security level can be temporarily lowered with
  ``--tls-cert-profile legacy`` or even ``--tls-cert-profile insecure``.

- Connecting to a OpenVPN 2.3.x server or allowing OpenVPN 2.3.x or earlier
  clients

  This will normally result in messages like::

     OPTIONS ERROR: failed to negotiate cipher with server.  Add the server's cipher ('AES-128-CBC') to --data-ciphers (currently 'AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:CHACHA20-POLY1305') if you want to connect to this server.

     or

     client/127.0.0.1:49954 SENT CONTROL [client]: 'AUTH_FAILED,Data channel cipher negotiation failed (no shared cipher)' (status=1)

  You can manually add the missing cipher to the ``--data-ciphers``. The
  standard ciphers should be included as well, e.g.
  ``--data-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:?Chacha20-Poly1305:?AES-128-CBC``.
  You can also use the ``--compat-mode`` option. Note that these message may
  also indicate other cipher configuration problems. See the data channel
  cipher negotiation manual section for more details. (Available online under
  https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn/blob/master/doc/man-sections/cipher-negotiation.rst)

- Use of a legacy or deprecated cipher (e.g. 64bit block ciphers)

  OpenSSL 3.0 no longer supports a number of insecure and outdated ciphers in
  its default configuration. Some of these ciphers are known to be vulnerable (SWEET32 attack).

  This will typically manifest itself in messages like::

      OpenSSL: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
      Cipher algorithm 'BF-CBC' not found
      Unsupported cipher in --data-ciphers: BF-CBC

  If your OpenSSL distribution comes with the legacy provider (see
  also ``man OSSL_PROVIDER-legacy``), you can load it with
  ``--providers legacy default``.  This will re-enable the old algorithms.

- OpenVPN version not supporting TLS 1.2 or later

  The default in OpenVPN 2.6 and also in many distributions is now TLS 1.2 or
  later. Connecting to a peer that does not support this will results in
  messages like::

    TLS error: Unsupported protocol. This typically indicates that client and
    server have no common TLS version enabled. This can be caused by mismatched
    tls-version-min and tls-version-max options on client and server. If your
    OpenVPN client is between v2.3.6 and v2.3.2 try adding tls-version-min 1.0
    to the client configuration to use TLS 1.0+ instead of TLS 1.0 only
    OpenSSL: error:0A000102:SSL routines::unsupported protocol

  This can be an OpenVPN 2.3.6 or earlier version. ``compat-version 2.3.0`` will
  enable TLS 1.0 support if supported by the OpenSSL distribution. Note that
  on some Linux distributions enabling TLS 1.1 or 1.0 is not possible.



Overview of changes in 2.5
==========================

New features
------------
Client-specific tls-crypt keys (``--tls-crypt-v2``)
    ``tls-crypt-v2`` adds the ability to supply each client with a unique
    tls-crypt key.  This allows large organisations and VPN providers to profit
    from the same DoS and TLS stack protection that small deployments can
    already achieve using ``tls-auth`` or ``tls-crypt``.

ChaCha20-Poly1305 cipher support
    Added support for using the ChaCha20-Poly1305 cipher in the OpenVPN data
    channel.

Improved Data channel cipher negotiation
    The option ``ncp-ciphers`` has been renamed to ``data-ciphers``.
    The old name is still accepted. The change in name signals that
    ``data-ciphers`` is the preferred way to configure data channel
    ciphers and the data prefix is chosen to avoid the ambiguity that
    exists with ``--cipher`` for the data cipher and ``tls-cipher``
    for the TLS ciphers.

    OpenVPN clients will now signal all supported ciphers from the
    ``data-ciphers`` option to the server via ``IV_CIPHERS``. OpenVPN
    servers will select the first common cipher from the ``data-ciphers``
    list instead of blindly pushing the first cipher of the list. This
    allows to use a configuration like
    ``data-ciphers ChaCha20-Poly1305:AES-256-GCM`` on the server that
    prefers ChaCha20-Poly1305 but uses it only if the client supports it.

    See the data channel negotiation section in the manual for more details.

Removal of BF-CBC support in default configuration:
    By default OpenVPN 2.5 will only accept AES-256-GCM and AES-128-GCM as
    data ciphers. OpenVPN 2.4 allows AES-256-GCM,AES-128-GCM and BF-CBC when
    no --cipher and --ncp-ciphers options are present. Accepting BF-CBC can be
    enabled by adding

        data-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:BF-CBC

    and when you need to support very old peers also

        data-ciphers-fallback BF-CBC

    To offer backwards compatibility with older configs an *explicit*

        cipher BF-CBC

    in the configuration will be automatically translated into adding BF-CBC
    to the data-ciphers option and setting data-ciphers-fallback to BF-CBC
    (as in the example commands above). We strongly recommend to switching
    away from BF-CBC to a more secure cipher.

Asynchronous (deferred) authentication support for auth-pam plugin.
    See src/plugins/auth-pam/README.auth-pam for details.

Deferred client-connect
    The ``--client-connect`` option and the connect plugin API allow
    asynchronous/deferred return of the configuration file in the same way
    as the auth-plugin.

Faster connection setup
    A client will signal in the ``IV_PROTO`` variable that it is in pull
    mode. This allows the server to push the configuration options to
    the client without waiting for a ``PULL_REQUEST`` message. The feature
    is automatically enabled if both client and server support it and
    significantly reduces the connection setup time by avoiding one
    extra packet round-trip and 1s of internal event delays.

Netlink support
    On Linux, if configured without ``--enable-iproute2``, configuring IP
    addresses and adding/removing routes is now done via the netlink(3)
    kernel interface.  This is much faster than calling ``ifconfig`` or
    ``route`` and also enables OpenVPN to run with less privileges.

    If configured with --enable-iproute2, the ``ip`` command is used
    (as in 2.4).  Support for ``ifconfig`` and ``route`` is gone.

Wintun support
    On Windows, OpenVPN can now use ``wintun`` devices.  They are faster
    than the traditional ``tap9`` tun/tap devices, but do not provide
    ``--dev tap`` mode - so the official installers contain both.  To use
    a wintun device, add ``--windows-driver wintun`` to your config
    (and use of the interactive service is required as wintun needs
    SYSTEM privileges to enable access).

IPv6-only operation
    It is now possible to have only IPv6 addresses inside the VPN tunnel,
    and IPv6-only address pools (2.4 always required IPv4 config/pools
    and IPv6 was the "optional extra").

Improved Windows 10 detection
    Correctly log OS on Windows 10 now.

Linux VRF support
    Using the new ``--bind-dev`` option, the OpenVPN outside socket can
    now be put into a Linux VRF.  See the "Virtual Routing and Forwarding"
    documentation in the man page.

TLS 1.3 support
    TLS 1.3 support has been added to OpenVPN.  Currently, this requires
    OpenSSL 1.1.1+.
    The options ``--tls-ciphersuites`` and ``--tls-groups`` have been
    added to fine tune TLS protocol options.  Most of the improvements
    were also backported to OpenVPN 2.4 as part of the maintainance
    releases.

Support setting DHCP search domain
    A new option ``--dhcp-option DOMAIN-SEARCH my.example.com`` has been
    defined, and Windows support for it is implemented (tun/tap only, no
    wintun support yet).  Other platforms need to support this via ``--up``
    script (Linux) or GUI (OSX/Tunnelblick).

per-client changing of ``--data-ciphers`` or ``data-ciphers-fallback``
    from client-connect script/dir (NOTE: this only changes preference of
    ciphers for NCP, but can not override what the client announces as
    "willing to accept")

Handle setting of tun/tap interface MTU on Windows
    If IPv6 is in use, MTU must be >= 1280 (Windows enforces IETF requirements)

Add support for OpenSSL engines to access private key material (like TPM).

HMAC based auth-token support
    The ``--auth-gen-token`` support has been improved and now generates HMAC
    based user token. If the optional ``--auth-gen-token-secret`` option is
    used clients will be able to seamlessly reconnect to a different server
    using the same secret file or to the same server after a server restart.

Improved support for pending authentication
    The protocol has been enhanced to be able to signal that
    the authentication should use a secondary authentication
    via web (like SAML) or a two factor authentication without
    disconnecting the OpenVPN session with AUTH_FAILED. The
    session will instead be stay in a authenticated state and
    wait for the second factor authentication to complete.

    This feature currently requires usage of the managent interface
    on both client and server side. See the ``management-notes.txt``
    ``client-pending-auth`` and ``cr-response`` commands for more
    details.

VLAN support
    OpenVPN servers in TAP mode can now use 802.1q tagged VLANs
    on the TAP interface to separate clients into different groups
    that can then be handled differently (different subnets / DHCP,
    firewall zones, ...) further down the network.  See the new
    options ``--vlan-tagging``, ``--vlan-accept``, ``--vlan-pvid``.

    802.1q tagging on the client side TAP interface is not handled
    today (= tags are just forwarded transparently to the server).

Support building of .msi installers for Windows

Allow unicode search string in ``--cryptoapicert`` option (Windows)

Support IPv4 configs with /31 netmasks now
    (By no longer trying to configure ``broadcast x.x.x.x`` in
    ifconfig calls, /31 support "just works")

New option ``--block-ipv6`` to reject all IPv6 packets (ICMPv6)
    this is useful if the VPN service has no IPv6, but the clients
    might have (LAN), to avoid client connections to IPv6-enabled
    servers leaking "around" the IPv4-only VPN.

``--ifconfig-ipv6`` and ``--ifconfig-ipv6-push`` will now accept
    hostnames and do a DNS lookup to get the IPv6 address to use


Deprecated features
-------------------
For an up-to-date list of all deprecated options, see this wiki page:
https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/DeprecatedOptions

- ``ncp-disable`` has been deprecated
    With the improved and matured data channel cipher negotiation, the use
    of ``ncp-disable`` should not be necessary anymore.

- ``inetd`` has been deprecated
  This is a very limited and not-well-tested way to run OpenVPN, on TCP
  and TAP mode only, which complicates the code quite a bit for little gain.
  To be removed in OpenVPN 2.6 (unless users protest).

- ``no-iv`` has been removed
  This option was made into a NOOP option with OpenVPN 2.4.  This has now
  been completely removed.

- ``--client-cert-not-required`` has been removed
  This option will now cause server configurations to not start.  Use
  ``--verify-client-cert none`` instead.

- ``--ifconfig-pool-linear`` has been removed
  This option is removed.  Use ``--topology p2p`` or ``--topology subnet``
  instead.

- ``--compress xxx`` is considered risky and is warned against, see below.

- ``--key-method 1`` has been removed


User-visible Changes
--------------------
- If multiple connect handlers are used (client-connect, ccd, connect
  plugin) and one of the handler succeeds but a subsequent fails, the
  client-disconnect-script is now called immediately. Previously it
  was called, when the VPN session was terminated.

- Support for building with OpenSSL 1.0.1 has been removed. The minimum
  supported OpenSSL version is now 1.0.2.

- The GET_CONFIG management state is omitted if the server pushes
  the client configuration almost immediately as result of the
  faster connection setup feature.

- ``--compress`` is nowadays considered risky, because attacks exist
  leveraging compression-inside-crypto to reveal plaintext (VORACLE).  So
  by default, ``--compress xxx`` will now accept incoming compressed
  packets (for compatibility with peers that have not been upgraded yet),
  but will not use compression outgoing packets.  This can be controlled with
  the new option ``--allow-compression yes|no|asym``.

- Stop changing ``--txlen`` aways from OS defaults unless explicitly specified
  in config file.  OS defaults nowadays are actually larger then what we used
  to configure, so our defaults sometimes caused packet drops = bad performance.

- remove ``--writepid`` pid file on exit now

- plugin-auth-pam now logs via OpenVPN logging method, no longer to stderr
  (this means you'll have log messages in syslog or openvpn log file now)

- use ISO 8601 time format for file based logging now (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:dd)
  (syslog is not affected, nor is ``--machine-readable-output``)

- ``--clr-verify`` now loads all CRLs if more than one CRL is in the same
  file (OpenSSL backend only, mbedTLS always did that)

- when ``--auth-user-pass file`` has no password, and the management interface
  is active, query management interface (instead of trying console query,
  which does not work on windows)

- skip expired certificates in Windows certificate store (``--cryptoapicert``)

- ``--socks-proxy`` + ``--proto udp*`` will now allways use IPv4, even if
  IPv6 is requested and available.  Our SOCKS code does not handle IPv6+UDP,
  and before that change it would just fail in non-obvious ways.

- TCP listen() backlog queue is now set to 32 - this helps TCP servers that
  receive lots of "invalid" connects by TCP port scanners

- do no longer print OCC warnings ("option mismatch") about ``key-method``,
  ``keydir``, ``tls-auth`` and ``cipher`` - these are either gone now, or
  negotiated, and the warnings do not serve a useful purpose.

- ``dhcp-option DNS`` and ``dhcp-option DNS6`` are now treated identically
  (= both accept an IPv4 or IPv6 address for the nameserver)


Maintainer-visible changes
--------------------------
- the man page is now in maintained in .rst format, so building the openvpn.8
  manpage from a git checkout now requires python-docutils (if this is missing,
  the manpage will not be built - which is not considered an error generally,
  but for package builders or ``make distcheck`` it is).  Release tarballs
  contain the openvpn.8 file, so unless some .rst is changed, doc-utils are
  not needed for building.

- OCC support can no longer be disabled

- AEAD support is now required in the crypto library

- ``--disable-server`` has been removed from configure (so it is no longer
  possible to build a client-/p2p-only OpenVPN binary) - the saving in code
  size no longer outweighs the extra maintenance effort.

- ``--enable-iproute2`` will disable netlink(3) support, so maybe remove
  that from package building configs (see above)

- support building with MSVC 2019

- cmocka based unit tests are now only run if cmocka is installed externally
  (2.4 used to ship a local git submodule which was painful to maintain)

- ``--disable-crypto`` configure option has been removed.  OpenVPN is now always
  built with crypto support, which makes the code much easier to maintain.
  This does not affect ``--cipher none`` to do a tunnel without encryption.

- ``--disable-multi`` configure option has been removed



Overview of changes in 2.4
==========================


New features
------------
Seamless client IP/port floating
    Added new packet format P_DATA_V2, which includes peer-id. If both the
    server and client support it, the client sends all data packets in
    the new format. When a data packet arrives, the server identifies peer
    by peer-id. If peer's ip/port has changed, server assumes that
    client has floated, verifies HMAC and updates ip/port in internal structs.
    This allows the connection to be immediately restored, instead of requiring
    a TLS handshake before the server accepts packets from the new client
    ip/port.

Data channel cipher negotiation
    Data channel ciphers (``--cipher``) are now by default negotiated.  If a
    client advertises support for Negotiable Crypto Parameters (NCP), the
    server will choose a cipher (by default AES-256-GCM) for the data channel,
    and tell the client to use that cipher.  Data channel cipher negotiation
    can be controlled using ``--ncp-ciphers`` and ``--ncp-disable``.

    A more limited version also works in client-to-server and server-to-client
    scenarios where one of the end points uses a v2.4 client or server and the
    other side uses an older version.  In such scenarios the v2.4 side will
    change to the ``--cipher`` set by the remote side, if permitted by by
    ``--ncp-ciphers``.  For example, a v2.4 client with ``--cipher BF-CBC``
    and ``ncp-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-256-CBC`` can connect to both a v2.3
    server with ``cipher BF-CBC`` as well as a server with
    ``cipher AES-256-CBC`` in its config.  The other way around, a v2.3 client
    with either ``cipher BF-CBC`` or ``cipher AES-256-CBC`` can connect to a
    v2.4 server with e.g. ``cipher BF-CBC`` and
    ``ncp-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-256-CBC`` in its config.  For this to work
    it requires that OpenVPN was built without disabling OCC support.

AEAD (GCM) data channel cipher support
    The data channel now supports AEAD ciphers (currently only GCM).  The AEAD
    packet format has a smaller crypto overhead than the CBC packet format,
    (e.g. 20 bytes per packet for AES-128-GCM instead of 36 bytes per packet
    for AES-128-CBC + HMAC-SHA1).

ECDH key exchange
    The TLS control channel now supports for elliptic curve diffie-hellmann
    key exchange (ECDH).

Improved Certificate Revocation List (CRL) processing
    CRLs are now handled by the crypto library (OpenSSL or mbed TLS), instead
    of inside OpenVPN itself.  The crypto library implementations are more
    strict than the OpenVPN implementation was.  This might reject peer
    certificates that would previously be accepted.  If this occurs, OpenVPN
    will log the crypto library's error description.

Dualstack round-robin DNS client connect
    Instead of only using the first address of each ``--remote`` OpenVPN
    will now try all addresses (IPv6 and IPv4) of a ``--remote`` entry.

Support for providing IPv6 DNS servers
    A new DHCP sub-option ``DNS6`` is added alongside with the already existing
    ``DNS`` sub-option.  This is used to provide DNS resolvers available over
    IPv6.  This may be pushed to clients where `` --up`` scripts and ``--plugin``
    can act upon it through the ``foreign_option_<n>`` environment variables.

    Support for the Windows client picking up this new sub-option is added,
    however IPv6 DNS resolvers need to be configured via ``netsh`` which requires
    administrator privileges unless the new interactive services on Windows is
    being used.  If the interactive service is used, this service will execute
    ``netsh`` in the background with the proper privileges.

New improved Windows Background service
    The new OpenVPNService is based on openvpnserv2, a complete rewrite of the OpenVPN
    service wrapper. It is intended for launching OpenVPN instances that should be
    up at all times, instead of being manually launched by a user. OpenVPNService is
    able to restart individual OpenVPN processes if they crash, and it also works
    properly on recent Windows versions. OpenVPNServiceLegacy tends to work poorly,
    if at all, on newer Windows versions (8+) and its use is not recommended.

New interactive Windows service
    The installer starts OpenVPNServiceInteractive automatically and configures
    it to start	at system startup.

    The interactive Windows service allows unprivileged users to start
    OpenVPN connections in the global config directory (usually
    C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config) using OpenVPN GUI without any
    extra configuration.

    Users who belong to the built-in Administrator group or to the
    local "OpenVPN Administrator" group can also store configuration
    files under %USERPROFILE%\\OpenVPN\\config for use with the
    interactive service.

redirect-gateway ipv6
    OpenVPN has now feature parity between IPv4 and IPv6 for redirect
    gateway including the handling of overlapping IPv6 routes with
    IPv6 remote VPN server address.

LZ4 Compression and pushable compression
    Additionally to LZO compression OpenVPN now also supports LZ4 compression.
    Compression options are now pushable from the server.

Filter pulled options client-side: pull-filter
    New option to explicitly allow or reject options pushed by the server.
    May be used multiple times and is applied in the order specified.

Per-client remove push options: push-remove
    New option to remove options on a per-client basis from the "push" list
    (more fine-grained than ``--push-reset``).

Http proxy password inside config file
    Http proxy passwords can be specified with the inline file option
    ``<http-proxy-user-pass>`` .. ``</http-proxy-user-pass>``

Windows version detection
    Windows version is detected, logged and possibly signalled to server
    (IV_PLAT_VER=<nn> if ``--push-peer-info`` is set on client).

Authentication tokens
    In situations where it is not suitable to save user passwords on the client,
    OpenVPN has support for pushing a --auth-token since v2.3.  This option is
    pushed from the server to the client with a token value to be used instead
    of the users password.  For this to work, the authentication plug-in would
    need to implement this support as well.  In OpenVPN 2.4 --auth-gen-token
    is introduced, which will allow the OpenVPN server to generate a random
    token and push it to the client without any changes to the authentication
    modules.  When the clients need to re-authenticate the OpenVPN server will
    do the authentication internally, instead of sending the re-authentication
    request to the authentication module .  This feature is especially
    useful in configurations which use One Time Password (OTP) authentication
    schemes, as this allows the tunnel keys to be renegotiated regularly without
    any need to supply new OTP codes.

keying-material-exporter
    Keying Material Exporter [RFC-5705] allow additional keying material to be
    derived from existing TLS channel.

Android platform support
    Support for running on Android using Android's VPNService API has been added.
    See doc/android.txt for more details. This support is primarily used in
    the OpenVPN for Android app (https://github.com/schwabe/ics-openvpn)

AIX platform support
    AIX platform support has been added. The support only includes tap
    devices since AIX does not provide tun interface.

Control channel encryption (``--tls-crypt``)
    Use a pre-shared static key (like the ``--tls-auth`` key) to encrypt control
    channel packets.  Provides more privacy, some obfuscation and poor-man's
    post-quantum security.

Asynchronous push reply
    Plug-ins providing support for deferred authentication can benefit from a more
    responsive authentication where the server sends PUSH_REPLY immediately once
    the authentication result is ready, instead of waiting for the client to
    to send PUSH_REQUEST once more.  This requires OpenVPN to be built with
    ``./configure --enable-async-push``.  This is a compile-time only switch.


Deprecated features
-------------------
For an up-to-date list of all deprecated options, see this wiki page:
https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/DeprecatedOptions

- ``--key-method 1`` is deprecated in OpenVPN 2.4 and will be removed in v2.5.
  Migrate away from ``--key-method 1`` as soon as possible.  The recommended
  approach is to remove the ``--key-method`` option from the configuration
  files, OpenVPN will then use ``--key-method 2`` by default.  Note that this
  requires changing the option in both the client and server side configs.

- ``--tls-remote`` is removed in OpenVPN 2.4, as indicated in the v2.3
  man-pages.  Similar functionality is provided via ``--verify-x509-name``,
  which does the same job in a better way.

- ``--compat-names`` and ``--no-name-remapping`` were deprecated in OpenVPN 2.3
  and will be removed in v2.5.  All scripts and plug-ins depending on the old
  non-standard X.509 subject formatting must be updated to the standardized
  formatting.  See the man page for more information.

- ``--no-iv`` is deprecated in OpenVPN 2.4 and will be removed in v2.5.

- ``--keysize`` is deprecated in OpenVPN 2.4 and will be removed in v2.6
  together with the support of ciphers with cipher block size less than
  128-bits.

- ``--comp-lzo`` is deprecated in OpenVPN 2.4.  Use ``--compress`` instead.

- ``--ifconfig-pool-linear`` has been deprecated since OpenVPN 2.1 and will be
  removed in v2.5.  Use ``--topology p2p`` instead.

- ``--client-cert-not-required`` is deprecated in OpenVPN 2.4 and will be removed
  in v2.5.  Use ``--verify-client-cert none`` for a functional equivalent.

- ``--ns-cert-type`` is deprecated in OpenVPN 2.3.18 and v2.4.  It will be removed
  in v2.5.  Use the far better ``--remote-cert-tls`` option which replaces this
  feature.


User-visible Changes
--------------------
- When using ciphers with cipher blocks less than 128-bits,
  OpenVPN will complain loudly if the configuration uses ciphers considered
  weak, such as the SWEET32 attack vector.  In such scenarios, OpenVPN will by
  default renegotiate for each 64MB of transported data (``--reneg-bytes``).
  This renegotiation can be disabled, but is HIGHLY DISCOURAGED.

- For certificate DNs with duplicate fields, e.g. "OU=one,OU=two", both fields
  are now exported to the environment, where each second and later occurrence
  of a field get _$N appended to it's field name, starting at N=1.  For the
  example above, that would result in e.g. X509_0_OU=one, X509_0_OU_1=two.
  Note that this breaks setups that rely on the fact that OpenVPN would
  previously (incorrectly) only export the last occurrence of a field.

- ``proto udp`` and ``proto tcp`` now use both IPv4 and IPv6. The new
  options ``proto udp4`` and ``proto tcp4`` use IPv4 only.

- ``--sndbuf`` and ``--recvbuf`` default now to OS defaults instead of 64k

- OpenVPN exits with an error if an option has extra parameters;
  previously they were silently ignored

- ``--tls-auth`` always requires OpenVPN static key files and will no
  longer work with free form files

- ``--proto udp6/tcp6`` in server mode will now try to always listen to
  both IPv4 and IPv6 on platforms that allow it. Use ``--bind ipv6only``
  to explicitly listen only on IPv6.

- Removed ``--enable-password-save`` from configure. This option is now
  always enabled.

- Stricter default TLS cipher list (override with ``--tls-cipher``), that now
  also disables:

  * Non-ephemeral key exchange using static (EC)DH keys
  * DSS private keys

- mbed TLS builds: changed the tls_digest_N values exported to the script
  environment to be equal to the ones exported by OpenSSL builds, namely
  the certificate fingerprint (was the hash of the 'to be signed' data).

- mbed TLS builds: minimum RSA key size is now 2048 bits.  Shorter keys will
  not be accepted, both local and from the peer.

- ``--connect-timeout`` now specifies the timeout until the first TLS packet
  is received (identical to ``--server-poll-timeout``) and this timeout now
  includes the removed socks proxy timeout and http proxy timeout.

  In ``--static`` mode ``connect-timeout`` specifies the timeout for TCP and
  proxy connection establishment

- ``--connect-retry-max`` now specifies the maximum number of unsuccessful
  attempts of each remote/connection entry before exiting.

- ``--http-proxy-timeout`` and the static non-changeable socks timeout (5s)
  have been folded into a "unified" ``--connect-timeout`` which covers all
  steps needed to connect to the server, up to the start of the TLS exchange.
  The default value has been raised to 120s, to handle slow http/socks
  proxies graciously.  The old "fail TCP fast" behaviour can be achieved by
  adding "``--connect-timeout 10``" to the client config.

- ``--http-proxy-retry`` and ``--sock-proxy-retry`` have been removed. Proxy connections
  will now behave like regular connection entries and generate a USR1 on failure.

- ``--connect-retry`` gets an optional second argument that specifies the maximum
  time in seconds to wait between reconnection attempts when an exponential
  backoff is triggered due to repeated retries. Default = 300 seconds.

- Data channel cipher negotiation (see New features section) can override
  ciphers configured in the config file.  Use ``--ncp-disable`` if you do not want
  this behavior.

- All tun devices on all platforms are always considered to be IPv6
  capable. The ``--tun-ipv6`` option is ignored (behaves like it is always
  on).

- On the client side recursively routed packets, which have the same destination
  as the VPN server, are dropped. This can be disabled with
  --allow-recursive-routing option.

- On Windows, when the ``--register-dns`` option is set, OpenVPN no longer
  restarts the ``dnscache`` service - this had unwanted side effects, and
  seems to be no longer necessary with currently supported Windows versions.

- If no flags are given, and the interactive Windows service is used, "def1"
  is implicitly set (because "delete and later reinstall the existing
  default route" does not work well here).  If not using the service,
  the old behaviour is kept.

- OpenVPN now reloads a CRL only if the modication time or file size has
  changed, instead of for each new connection.  This reduces the connection
  setup time, in particular when using large CRLs.

- OpenVPN now ships with more up-to-date systemd unit files which take advantage
  of the improved service management as well as some hardening steps.  The
  configuration files are picked up from the /etc/openvpn/server/ and
  /etc/openvpn/client/ directories (depending on unit file).  This also avoids
  these new unit files and how they work to collide with older pre-existing
  unit files.

- Using ``--no-iv`` (which is generally not a recommended setup) will
  require explicitly disabling NCP with ``--disable-ncp``.  This is
  intentional because NCP will by default use AES-GCM, which requires
  an IV - so we want users of that option to consciously reconsider.


Maintainer-visible changes
--------------------------
- OpenVPN no longer supports building with crypto support, but without TLS
  support.  As a consequence, OPENSSL_CRYPTO_{CFLAGS,LIBS} and
  OPENSSL_SSL_{CFLAGS,LIBS} have been merged into OPENSSL_{CFLAGS,LIBS}.  This
  is particularly relevant for maintainers who build their own OpenSSL library,
  e.g. when cross-compiling.

- Linux distributions using systemd is highly encouraged to ship these new unit
  files instead of older ones, to provide a unified behaviour across systemd
  based Linux distributions.

- With OpenVPN 2.4, the project has moved over to depend on and actively use
  the official C99 standard (-std=c99).  This may fail on some older compiler/libc
  header combinations.  In most of these situations it is recommended to
  use -std=gnu99 in CFLAGS.  This is known to be needed when doing
  i386/i686 builds on RHEL5.


Version 2.4.5
=============

New features
------------
- The new option ``--tls-cert-profile`` can be used to restrict the set of
  allowed crypto algorithms in TLS certificates in mbed TLS builds.  The
  default profile is 'legacy' for now, which allows SHA1+, RSA-1024+ and any
  elliptic curve certificates.  The default will be changed to the 'preferred'
  profile in the future, which requires SHA2+, RSA-2048+ and any curve.


Version 2.4.3
=============

New features
------------
- Support building with OpenSSL 1.1 now (in addition to older versions)

- On Win10, set low interface metric for TAP adapter when block-outside-dns
  is in use, to make Windows prefer the TAP adapter for DNS queries
  (avoiding large delays)


Security
--------
- CVE-2017-7522: Fix ``--x509-track`` post-authentication remote DoS
  A client could crash a v2.4+ mbedtls server, if that server uses the
  ``--x509-track`` option and the client has a correct, signed and unrevoked
  certificate that contains an embedded NUL in the certificate subject.
  Discovered and reported to the OpenVPN security team by Guido Vranken.

- CVE-2017-7521: Fix post-authentication remote-triggerable memory leaks
  A client could cause a server to leak a few bytes each time it connects to the
  server.  That can eventually cause the server to run out of memory, and thereby
  causing the server process to terminate. Discovered and reported to the
  OpenVPN security team by Guido Vranken.  (OpenSSL builds only.)

- CVE-2017-7521: Fix a potential post-authentication remote code execution
  attack on servers that use the ``--x509-username-field`` option with an X.509
  extension field (option argument prefixed with ``ext:``).  A client that can
  cause a server to run out-of-memory (see above) might be able to cause the
  server to double free, which in turn might lead to remote code execution.
  Discovered and reported to the OpenVPN security team by Guido Vranken.
  (OpenSSL builds only.)

- CVE-2017-7520: Pre-authentication remote crash/information disclosure for
  clients. If clients use a HTTP proxy with NTLM authentication (i.e.
  ``--http-proxy <server> <port> [<authfile>|'auto'|'auto-nct'] ntlm2``),
  a man-in-the-middle attacker between the client and the proxy can cause
  the client to crash or disclose at most 96 bytes of stack memory. The
  disclosed stack memory is likely to contain the proxy password. If the
  proxy password is not reused, this is unlikely to compromise the security
  of the OpenVPN tunnel itself.  Clients who do not use the ``--http-proxy``
  option with ntlm2 authentication are not affected.

- CVE-2017-7508: Fix remotely-triggerable ASSERT() on malformed IPv6 packet.
  This can be used to remotely shutdown an openvpn server or client, if
  IPv6 and ``--mssfix`` are enabled and the IPv6 networks used inside the VPN
  are known.

- Fix null-pointer dereference when talking to a malicious http proxy
  that returns a malformed ``Proxy-Authenticate:`` headers for digest auth.

- Fix overflow check for long ``--tls-cipher`` option

- Windows: Pass correct buffer size to ``GetModuleFileNameW()``
  (OSTIF/Quarkslabs audit, finding 5.6)


User-visible Changes
--------------------
- ``--verify-hash`` can now take an optional flag which changes the hashing
  algorithm. It can be either SHA1 or SHA256.  The default if not provided is
  SHA1 to preserve backwards compatibility with existing configurations.

- Restrict the supported ``--x509-username-field`` extension fields to subjectAltName
  and issuerAltName.  Other extensions probably didn't work anyway, and would
  cause OpenVPN to crash when a client connects.


Bugfixes
--------
- Fix fingerprint calculation in mbed TLS builds.  This means that mbed TLS users
  of OpenVPN 2.4.0, v2.4.1 and v2.4.2 that rely on the values of the
  ``tls_digest_*`` env vars, or that use ``--verify-hash`` will have to change
  the fingerprint values they check against.  The security impact of the
  incorrect calculation is very minimal; the last few bytes (max 4, typically
  4) are not verified by the fingerprint.  We expect no real-world impact,
  because users that used this feature before will notice that it has suddenly
  stopped working, and users that didn't will notice that connection setup
  fails if they specify correct fingerprints.

- Fix edge case with NCP when the server sends an empty PUSH_REPLY message
  back, and the client would not initialize it's data channel crypto layer
  properly (trac #903)

- Fix SIGSEGV on unaligned buffer access on OpenBSD/Sparc64

- Fix TCP_NODELAY on OpenBSD

- Remove erroneous limitation on max number of args for ``--plugin``

- Fix NCP behaviour on TLS reconnect (Server would not send a proper
  "cipher ..." message back to the client, leading to client and server
  using different ciphers) (trac #887)


Version 2.4.2
=============

Bugfixes
--------
- Fix memory leak introduced in OpenVPN 2.4.1: if ``--remote-cert-tls`` is
  used, we leaked some memory on each TLS (re)negotiation.


Security
--------
- Fix a pre-authentication denial-of-service attack on both clients and
  servers.  By sending a too-large control packet, OpenVPN 2.4.0 or v2.4.1 can
  be forced to hit an ASSERT() and stop the process.  If ``--tls-auth`` or
  ``--tls-crypt`` is used, only attackers that have the ``--tls-auth`` or
  ``--tls-crypt`` key can mount an attack.
  (OSTIF/Quarkslab audit finding 5.1, CVE-2017-7478)

- Fix an authenticated remote DoS vulnerability that could be triggered by
  causing a packet id roll over.  An attack is rather inefficient; a peer
  would need to get us to send at least about 196 GB of data.
  (OSTIF/Quarkslab audit finding 5.2, CVE-2017-7479)


Version 2.4.1
=============
- ``--remote-cert-ku`` now only requires the certificate to have at least the
  bits set of one of the values in the supplied list, instead of requiring an
  exact match to one of the values in the list.
- ``--remote-cert-tls`` now only requires that a keyUsage is present in the
  certificate, and leaves the verification of the value up to the crypto
  library, which has more information (i.e. the key exchange method in use)
  to verify that the keyUsage is correct.
- ``--ns-cert-type`` is deprecated.  Use ``--remote-cert-tls`` instead.
  The nsCertType x509 extension is very old, and barely used.
  ``--remote-cert-tls`` uses the far more common keyUsage and extendedKeyUsage
  extension instead.  Make sure your certificates carry these to be able to
  use ``--remote-cert-tls``.

