# REPL

<!--introduced_in=v0.10.0-->

> Stability: 2 - Stable

<!-- source_link=lib/repl.js -->

The `node:repl` module provides a Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL) implementation
that is available both as a standalone program or includible in other
applications. It can be accessed using:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');
```

## Design and features

The `node:repl` module exports the [`repl.REPLServer`][] class. While running,
instances of [`repl.REPLServer`][] will accept individual lines of user input,
evaluate those according to a user-defined evaluation function, then output the
result. Input and output may be from `stdin` and `stdout`, respectively, or may
be connected to any Node.js [stream][].

Instances of [`repl.REPLServer`][] support automatic completion of inputs,
completion preview, simplistic Emacs-style line editing, multi-line inputs,
[ZSH][]-like reverse-i-search, [ZSH][]-like substring-based history search,
ANSI-styled output, saving and restoring current REPL session state, error
recovery, and customizable evaluation functions. Terminals that do not support
ANSI styles and Emacs-style line editing automatically fall back to a limited
feature set.

### Commands and special keys

The following special commands are supported by all REPL instances:

* `.break`: When in the process of inputting a multi-line expression, enter
  the `.break` command (or press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd>) to abort
  further input or processing of that expression.
* `.clear`: Resets the REPL `context` to an empty object and clears any
  multi-line expression being input.
* `.exit`: Close the I/O stream, causing the REPL to exit.
* `.help`: Show this list of special commands.
* `.save`: Save the current REPL session to a file:
  `> .save ./file/to/save.js`
* `.load`: Load a file into the current REPL session.
  `> .load ./file/to/load.js`
* `.editor`: Enter editor mode (<kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>D</kbd> to
  finish, <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> to cancel).

```console
> .editor
// Entering editor mode (^D to finish, ^C to cancel)
function welcome(name) {
  return `Hello ${name}!`;
}

welcome('Node.js User');

// ^D
'Hello Node.js User!'
>
```

The following key combinations in the REPL have these special effects:

* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd>: When pressed once, has the same effect as the
  `.break` command.
  When pressed twice on a blank line, has the same effect as the `.exit`
  command.
* <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>D</kbd>: Has the same effect as the `.exit` command.
* <kbd>Tab</kbd>: When pressed on a blank line, displays global and local
  (scope) variables. When pressed while entering other input, displays relevant
  autocompletion options.

For key bindings related to the reverse-i-search, see [`reverse-i-search`][].
For all other key bindings, see [TTY keybindings][].

### Default evaluation

By default, all instances of [`repl.REPLServer`][] use an evaluation function
that evaluates JavaScript expressions and provides access to Node.js built-in
modules. This default behavior can be overridden by passing in an alternative
evaluation function when the [`repl.REPLServer`][] instance is created.

#### JavaScript expressions

The default evaluator supports direct evaluation of JavaScript expressions:

```console
> 1 + 1
2
> const m = 2
undefined
> m + 1
3
```

Unless otherwise scoped within blocks or functions, variables declared
either implicitly or using the `const`, `let`, or `var` keywords
are declared at the global scope.

#### Global and local scope

The default evaluator provides access to any variables that exist in the global
scope. It is possible to expose a variable to the REPL explicitly by assigning
it to the `context` object associated with each `REPLServer`:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';
const msg = 'message';

repl.start('> ').context.m = msg;
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');
const msg = 'message';

repl.start('> ').context.m = msg;
```

Properties in the `context` object appear as local within the REPL:

```console
$ node repl_test.js
> m
'message'
```

Context properties are not read-only by default. To specify read-only globals,
context properties must be defined using `Object.defineProperty()`:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';
const msg = 'message';

const r = repl.start('> ');
Object.defineProperty(r.context, 'm', {
  configurable: false,
  enumerable: true,
  value: msg,
});
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');
const msg = 'message';

const r = repl.start('> ');
Object.defineProperty(r.context, 'm', {
  configurable: false,
  enumerable: true,
  value: msg,
});
```

#### Accessing core Node.js modules

The default evaluator will automatically load Node.js core modules into the
REPL environment when used. For instance, unless otherwise declared as a
global or scoped variable, the input `fs` will be evaluated on-demand as
`global.fs = require('node:fs')`.

```console
> fs.createReadStream('./some/file');
```

#### Global uncaught exceptions

<!-- YAML
changes:
  - version: v12.3.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27151
    description: The `'uncaughtException'` event is from now on triggered if the
                 repl is used as standalone program.
-->

The REPL uses the [`domain`][] module to catch all uncaught exceptions for that
REPL session.

This use of the [`domain`][] module in the REPL has these side effects:

* Uncaught exceptions only emit the [`'uncaughtException'`][] event in the
  standalone REPL. Adding a listener for this event in a REPL within
  another Node.js program results in [`ERR_INVALID_REPL_INPUT`][].

  ```js
  const r = repl.start();

  r.write('process.on("uncaughtException", () => console.log("Foobar"));\n');
  // Output stream includes:
  //   TypeError [ERR_INVALID_REPL_INPUT]: Listeners for `uncaughtException`
  //   cannot be used in the REPL

  r.close();
  ```

* Trying to use [`process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()`][] throws
  an [`ERR_DOMAIN_CANNOT_SET_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION_CAPTURE`][] error.

#### Assignment of the `_` (underscore) variable

<!-- YAML
changes:
  - version: v9.8.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/18919
    description: Added `_error` support.
-->

The default evaluator will, by default, assign the result of the most recently
evaluated expression to the special variable `_` (underscore).
Explicitly setting `_` to a value will disable this behavior.

```console
> [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
[ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
> _.length
3
> _ += 1
Expression assignment to _ now disabled.
4
> 1 + 1
2
> _
4
```

Similarly, `_error` will refer to the last seen error, if there was any.
Explicitly setting `_error` to a value will disable this behavior.

```console
> throw new Error('foo');
Uncaught Error: foo
> _error.message
'foo'
```

#### `await` keyword

Support for the `await` keyword is enabled at the top level.

```console
> await Promise.resolve(123)
123
> await Promise.reject(new Error('REPL await'))
Uncaught Error: REPL await
    at REPL2:1:54
> const timeout = util.promisify(setTimeout);
undefined
> const old = Date.now(); await timeout(1000); console.log(Date.now() - old);
1002
undefined
```

One known limitation of using the `await` keyword in the REPL is that
it will invalidate the lexical scoping of the `const` keywords.

For example:

```console
> const m = await Promise.resolve(123)
undefined
> m
123
> m = await Promise.resolve(234)
234
// redeclaring the constant does error
> const m = await Promise.resolve(345)
Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'm' has already been declared
```

[`--no-experimental-repl-await`][] shall disable top-level await in REPL.

### Reverse-i-search

<!-- YAML
added:
 - v13.6.0
 - v12.17.0
-->

The REPL supports bi-directional reverse-i-search similar to [ZSH][]. It is
triggered with <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>R</kbd> to search backward
and <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>S</kbd> to search forwards.

Duplicated history entries will be skipped.

Entries are accepted as soon as any key is pressed that doesn't correspond
with the reverse search. Cancelling is possible by pressing <kbd>Esc</kbd>
or <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd>.

Changing the direction immediately searches for the next entry in the expected
direction from the current position on.

### Custom evaluation functions

When a new [`repl.REPLServer`][] is created, a custom evaluation function may be
provided. This can be used, for instance, to implement fully customized REPL
applications.

An evaluation function accepts the following four arguments:

* `code` {string} The code to be executed (e.g. `1 + 1`).
* `context` {Object} The context in which the code is executed. This can either be the JavaScript `global`
  context or a context specific to the REPL instance, depending on the `useGlobal` option.
* `replResourceName` {string} An identifier for the REPL resource associated with the current code
  evaluation. This can be useful for debugging purposes.
* `callback` {Function} A function to invoke once the code evaluation is complete. The callback takes two parameters:
  * An error object to provide if an error occurred during evaluation, or `null`/`undefined` if no error occurred.
  * The result of the code evaluation (this is not relevant if an error is provided).

The following illustrates an example of a REPL that squares a given number, an error is instead printed
if the provided input is not actually a number:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';

function byThePowerOfTwo(number) {
  return number * number;
}

function myEval(code, context, replResourceName, callback) {
  if (isNaN(code)) {
    callback(new Error(`${code.trim()} is not a number`));
  } else {
    callback(null, byThePowerOfTwo(code));
  }
}

repl.start({ prompt: 'Enter a number: ', eval: myEval });
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');

function byThePowerOfTwo(number) {
  return number * number;
}

function myEval(code, context, replResourceName, callback) {
  if (isNaN(code)) {
    callback(new Error(`${code.trim()} is not a number`));
  } else {
    callback(null, byThePowerOfTwo(code));
  }
}

repl.start({ prompt: 'Enter a number: ', eval: myEval });
```

#### Recoverable errors

At the REPL prompt, pressing <kbd>Enter</kbd> sends the current line of input to
the `eval` function. In order to support multi-line input, the `eval` function
can return an instance of `repl.Recoverable` to the provided callback function:

```js
function myEval(cmd, context, filename, callback) {
  let result;
  try {
    result = vm.runInThisContext(cmd);
  } catch (e) {
    if (isRecoverableError(e)) {
      return callback(new repl.Recoverable(e));
    }
  }
  callback(null, result);
}

function isRecoverableError(error) {
  if (error.name === 'SyntaxError') {
    return /^(Unexpected end of input|Unexpected token)/.test(error.message);
  }
  return false;
}
```

### Customizing REPL output

By default, [`repl.REPLServer`][] instances format output using the
[`util.inspect()`][] method before writing the output to the provided `Writable`
stream (`process.stdout` by default). The `showProxy` inspection option is set
to true by default and the `colors` option is set to true depending on the
REPL's `useColors` option.

The `useColors` boolean option can be specified at construction to instruct the
default writer to use ANSI style codes to colorize the output from the
`util.inspect()` method.

If the REPL is run as standalone program, it is also possible to change the
REPL's [inspection defaults][`util.inspect()`] from inside the REPL by using the
`inspect.replDefaults` property which mirrors the `defaultOptions` from
[`util.inspect()`][].

```console
> util.inspect.replDefaults.compact = false;
false
> [1]
[
  1
]
>
```

To fully customize the output of a [`repl.REPLServer`][] instance pass in a new
function for the `writer` option on construction. The following example, for
instance, simply converts any input text to upper case:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';

const r = repl.start({ prompt: '> ', eval: myEval, writer: myWriter });

function myEval(cmd, context, filename, callback) {
  callback(null, cmd);
}

function myWriter(output) {
  return output.toUpperCase();
}
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');

const r = repl.start({ prompt: '> ', eval: myEval, writer: myWriter });

function myEval(cmd, context, filename, callback) {
  callback(null, cmd);
}

function myWriter(output) {
  return output.toUpperCase();
}
```

## Class: `REPLServer`

<!-- YAML
added: v0.1.91
-->

* `options` {Object|string} See [`repl.start()`][]
* Extends: {readline.Interface}

Instances of `repl.REPLServer` are created using the [`repl.start()`][] method
or directly using the JavaScript `new` keyword.

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';

const options = { useColors: true };

const firstInstance = repl.start(options);
const secondInstance = new repl.REPLServer(options);
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');

const options = { useColors: true };

const firstInstance = repl.start(options);
const secondInstance = new repl.REPLServer(options);
```

### Event: `'exit'`

<!-- YAML
added: v0.7.7
-->

The `'exit'` event is emitted when the REPL is exited either by receiving the
`.exit` command as input, the user pressing <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> twice
to signal `SIGINT`,
or by pressing <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>D</kbd> to signal `'end'` on the input
stream. The listener
callback is invoked without any arguments.

```js
replServer.on('exit', () => {
  console.log('Received "exit" event from repl!');
  process.exit();
});
```

### Event: `'reset'`

<!-- YAML
added: v0.11.0
-->

The `'reset'` event is emitted when the REPL's context is reset. This occurs
whenever the `.clear` command is received as input _unless_ the REPL is using
the default evaluator and the `repl.REPLServer` instance was created with the
`useGlobal` option set to `true`. The listener callback will be called with a
reference to the `context` object as the only argument.

This can be used primarily to re-initialize REPL context to some pre-defined
state:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';

function initializeContext(context) {
  context.m = 'test';
}

const r = repl.start({ prompt: '> ' });
initializeContext(r.context);

r.on('reset', initializeContext);
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');

function initializeContext(context) {
  context.m = 'test';
}

const r = repl.start({ prompt: '> ' });
initializeContext(r.context);

r.on('reset', initializeContext);
```

When this code is executed, the global `'m'` variable can be modified but then
reset to its initial value using the `.clear` command:

```console
$ ./node example.js
> m
'test'
> m = 1
1
> m
1
> .clear
Clearing context...
> m
'test'
>
```

### `replServer.defineCommand(keyword, cmd)`

<!-- YAML
added: v0.3.0
-->

* `keyword` {string} The command keyword (_without_ a leading `.` character).
* `cmd` {Object|Function} The function to invoke when the command is processed.

The `replServer.defineCommand()` method is used to add new `.`-prefixed commands
to the REPL instance. Such commands are invoked by typing a `.` followed by the
`keyword`. The `cmd` is either a `Function` or an `Object` with the following
properties:

* `help` {string} Help text to be displayed when `.help` is entered (Optional).
* `action` {Function} The function to execute, optionally accepting a single
  string argument.

The following example shows two new commands added to the REPL instance:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';

const replServer = repl.start({ prompt: '> ' });
replServer.defineCommand('sayhello', {
  help: 'Say hello',
  action(name) {
    this.clearBufferedCommand();
    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
    this.displayPrompt();
  },
});
replServer.defineCommand('saybye', function saybye() {
  console.log('Goodbye!');
  this.close();
});
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');

const replServer = repl.start({ prompt: '> ' });
replServer.defineCommand('sayhello', {
  help: 'Say hello',
  action(name) {
    this.clearBufferedCommand();
    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
    this.displayPrompt();
  },
});
replServer.defineCommand('saybye', function saybye() {
  console.log('Goodbye!');
  this.close();
});
```

The new commands can then be used from within the REPL instance:

```console
> .sayhello Node.js User
Hello, Node.js User!
> .saybye
Goodbye!
```

### `replServer.displayPrompt([preserveCursor])`

<!-- YAML
added: v0.1.91
-->

* `preserveCursor` {boolean}

The `replServer.displayPrompt()` method readies the REPL instance for input
from the user, printing the configured `prompt` to a new line in the `output`
and resuming the `input` to accept new input.

When multi-line input is being entered, a pipe `'|'` is printed rather than the
'prompt'.

When `preserveCursor` is `true`, the cursor placement will not be reset to `0`.

The `replServer.displayPrompt` method is primarily intended to be called from
within the action function for commands registered using the
`replServer.defineCommand()` method.

### `replServer.clearBufferedCommand()`

<!-- YAML
added: v9.0.0
-->

The `replServer.clearBufferedCommand()` method clears any command that has been
buffered but not yet executed. This method is primarily intended to be
called from within the action function for commands registered using the
`replServer.defineCommand()` method.

### `replServer.setupHistory(historyConfig, callback)`

<!-- YAML
added: v11.10.0
changes:
  - version: v24.2.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/58225
    description: Updated the `historyConfig` parameter to accept an object
                 with `filePath`, `size`, `removeHistoryDuplicates` and
                 `onHistoryFileLoaded` properties.
-->

* `historyConfig` {Object|string} the path to the history file
  If it is a string, it is the path to the history file.
  If it is an object, it can have the following properties:
  * `filePath` {string} the path to the history file
  * `size` {number} Maximum number of history lines retained. To disable
    the history set this value to `0`. This option makes sense only if
    `terminal` is set to `true` by the user or by an internal `output` check,
    otherwise the history caching mechanism is not initialized at all.
    **Default:** `30`.
  * `removeHistoryDuplicates` {boolean} If `true`, when a new input line added
    to the history list duplicates an older one, this removes the older line
    from the list. **Default:** `false`.
  * `onHistoryFileLoaded` {Function} called when history writes are ready or upon error
    * `err` {Error}
    * `repl` {repl.REPLServer}
* `callback` {Function} called when history writes are ready or upon error
  (Optional if provided as `onHistoryFileLoaded` in `historyConfig`)
  * `err` {Error}
  * `repl` {repl.REPLServer}

Initializes a history log file for the REPL instance. When executing the
Node.js binary and using the command-line REPL, a history file is initialized
by default. However, this is not the case when creating a REPL
programmatically. Use this method to initialize a history log file when working
with REPL instances programmatically.

## `repl.builtinModules`

<!-- YAML
added: v14.5.0
deprecated:
  - v24.0.0
  - v22.16.0
-->

> Stability: 0 - Deprecated. Use [`module.builtinModules`][] instead.

* Type: {string\[]}

A list of the names of some Node.js modules, e.g., `'http'`.

An automated migration is available ([source](https://github.com/nodejs/userland-migrations/tree/main/recipes/repl-builtin-modules)):

```bash
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/repl-builtin-modules
```

## `repl.start([options])`

<!-- YAML
added: v0.1.91
changes:
  - version: v25.9.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/62188
    description: The `handleError` parameter has been added.
  - version: v24.1.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/58003
    description: Added the possibility to add/edit/remove multilines
                 while adding a multiline command.
  - version: v24.0.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/57400
    description: The multi-line indicator is now "|" instead of "...".
                 Added support for multi-line history.
                 It is now possible to "fix" multi-line commands with syntax errors
                 by visiting the history and editing the command.
                 When visiting the multiline history from an old node version,
                 the multiline structure is not preserved.
  - version:
     - v13.4.0
     - v12.17.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30811
    description: The `preview` option is now available.
  - version: v12.0.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/26518
    description: The `terminal` option now follows the default description in
                 all cases and `useColors` checks `hasColors()` if available.
  - version: v10.0.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/19187
    description: The `REPL_MAGIC_MODE` `replMode` was removed.
  - version: v6.3.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/6635
    description: The `breakEvalOnSigint` option is supported now.
  - version: v5.8.0
    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/5388
    description: The `options` parameter is optional now.
-->

* `options` {Object|string}
  * `prompt` {string} The input prompt to display. **Default:** `'> '`
    (with a trailing space).
  * `input` {stream.Readable} The `Readable` stream from which REPL input will
    be read. **Default:** `process.stdin`.
  * `output` {stream.Writable} The `Writable` stream to which REPL output will
    be written. **Default:** `process.stdout`.
  * `terminal` {boolean} If `true`, specifies that the `output` should be
    treated as a TTY terminal.
    **Default:** checking the value of the `isTTY` property on the `output`
    stream upon instantiation.
  * `eval` {Function} The function to be used when evaluating each given line
    of input. **Default:** an async wrapper for the JavaScript `eval()`
    function. An `eval` function can error with `repl.Recoverable` to indicate
    the input was incomplete and prompt for additional lines. See the
    [custom evaluation functions][] section for more details.
  * `useColors` {boolean} If `true`, specifies that the default `writer`
    function should include ANSI color styling to REPL output. If a custom
    `writer` function is provided then this has no effect. **Default:** checking
    color support on the `output` stream if the REPL instance's `terminal` value
    is `true`.
  * `useGlobal` {boolean} If `true`, specifies that the default evaluation
    function will use the JavaScript `global` as the context as opposed to
    creating a new separate context for the REPL instance. The node CLI REPL
    sets this value to `true`. **Default:** `false`.
  * `ignoreUndefined` {boolean} If `true`, specifies that the default writer
    will not output the return value of a command if it evaluates to
    `undefined`. **Default:** `false`.
  * `writer` {Function} The function to invoke to format the output of each
    command before writing to `output`. **Default:** [`util.inspect()`][].
  * `completer` {Function} An optional function used for custom Tab auto
    completion. See [`readline.InterfaceCompleter`][] for an example.
  * `replMode` {symbol} A flag that specifies whether the default evaluator
    executes all JavaScript commands in strict mode or default (sloppy) mode.
    Acceptable values are:
    * `repl.REPL_MODE_SLOPPY` to evaluate expressions in sloppy mode.
    * `repl.REPL_MODE_STRICT` to evaluate expressions in strict mode. This is
      equivalent to prefacing every repl statement with `'use strict'`.
  * `breakEvalOnSigint` {boolean} Stop evaluating the current piece of code when
    `SIGINT` is received, such as when <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>C</kbd> is pressed.
    This cannot be used
    together with a custom `eval` function. **Default:** `false`.
  * `preview` {boolean} Defines if the repl prints autocomplete and output
    previews or not. **Default:** `true` with the default eval function and
    `false` in case a custom eval function is used. If `terminal` is falsy, then
    there are no previews and the value of `preview` has no effect.
  * `handleError` {Function} This function customizes error handling in the REPL.
    It receives the thrown exception as its first argument and must return one
    of the following values synchronously:
    * `'print'` to print the error to the output stream (default behavior).
    * `'ignore'` to skip all remaining error handling.
    * `'unhandled'` to treat the exception as fully unhandled. In this case,
      the error will be passed to process-wide exception handlers, such as
      the [`'uncaughtException'`][] event.
      The `'unhandled'` value may or may not be desirable in situations
      where the `REPLServer` instance has been closed, depending on the particular
      use case.
* Returns: {repl.REPLServer}

The `repl.start()` method creates and starts a [`repl.REPLServer`][] instance.

If `options` is a string, then it specifies the input prompt:

```mjs
import repl from 'node:repl';

// a Unix style prompt
repl.start('$ ');
```

```cjs
const repl = require('node:repl');

// a Unix style prompt
repl.start('$ ');
```

## The Node.js REPL

Node.js itself uses the `node:repl` module to provide its own interactive
interface for executing JavaScript. This can be used by executing the Node.js
binary without passing any arguments (or by passing the `-i` argument):

```console
$ node
> const a = [1, 2, 3];
undefined
> a
[ 1, 2, 3 ]
> a.forEach((v) => {
...   console.log(v);
...   });
1
2
3
```

### Environment variable options

Various behaviors of the Node.js REPL can be customized using the following
environment variables:

* `NODE_REPL_HISTORY`: When a valid path is given, persistent REPL history
  will be saved to the specified file rather than `.node_repl_history` in the
  user's home directory. Setting this value to `''` (an empty string) will
  disable persistent REPL history. Whitespace will be trimmed from the value.
  On Windows platforms environment variables with empty values are invalid so
  set this variable to one or more spaces to disable persistent REPL history.
* `NODE_REPL_HISTORY_SIZE`: Controls how many lines of history will be
  persisted if history is available. Must be a positive number.
  **Default:** `1000`.
* `NODE_REPL_MODE`: May be either `'sloppy'` or `'strict'`. **Default:**
  `'sloppy'`, which will allow non-strict mode code to be run.

### Persistent history

By default, the Node.js REPL will persist history between `node` REPL sessions
by saving inputs to a `.node_repl_history` file located in the user's home
directory. This can be disabled by setting the environment variable
`NODE_REPL_HISTORY=''`.

### Using the Node.js REPL with advanced line-editors

For advanced line-editors, start Node.js with the environment variable
`NODE_NO_READLINE=1`. This will start the main and debugger REPL in canonical
terminal settings, which will allow use with `rlwrap`.

For example, the following can be added to a `.bashrc` file:

```bash
alias node="env NODE_NO_READLINE=1 rlwrap node"
```

### Starting multiple REPL instances in the same process

It is possible to create and run multiple REPL instances against a single
running instance of Node.js that share a single `global` object (by setting
the `useGlobal` option to `true`) but have separate I/O interfaces.

The following example, for instance, provides separate REPLs on `stdin`, a Unix
socket, and a TCP socket, all sharing the same `global` object:

```mjs
import net from 'node:net';
import repl from 'node:repl';
import process from 'node:process';
import fs from 'node:fs';

let connections = 0;

repl.start({
  prompt: 'Node.js via stdin> ',
  useGlobal: true,
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout,
});

const unixSocketPath = '/tmp/node-repl-sock';

// If the socket file already exists let's remove it
fs.rmSync(unixSocketPath, { force: true });

net.createServer((socket) => {
  connections += 1;
  repl.start({
    prompt: 'Node.js via Unix socket> ',
    useGlobal: true,
    input: socket,
    output: socket,
  }).on('exit', () => {
    socket.end();
  });
}).listen(unixSocketPath);

net.createServer((socket) => {
  connections += 1;
  repl.start({
    prompt: 'Node.js via TCP socket> ',
    useGlobal: true,
    input: socket,
    output: socket,
  }).on('exit', () => {
    socket.end();
  });
}).listen(5001);
```

```cjs
const net = require('node:net');
const repl = require('node:repl');
const fs = require('node:fs');

let connections = 0;

repl.start({
  prompt: 'Node.js via stdin> ',
  useGlobal: true,
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout,
});

const unixSocketPath = '/tmp/node-repl-sock';

// If the socket file already exists let's remove it
fs.rmSync(unixSocketPath, { force: true });

net.createServer((socket) => {
  connections += 1;
  repl.start({
    prompt: 'Node.js via Unix socket> ',
    useGlobal: true,
    input: socket,
    output: socket,
  }).on('exit', () => {
    socket.end();
  });
}).listen(unixSocketPath);

net.createServer((socket) => {
  connections += 1;
  repl.start({
    prompt: 'Node.js via TCP socket> ',
    useGlobal: true,
    input: socket,
    output: socket,
  }).on('exit', () => {
    socket.end();
  });
}).listen(5001);
```

Running this application from the command line will start a REPL on stdin.
Other REPL clients may connect through the Unix socket or TCP socket. `telnet`,
for instance, is useful for connecting to TCP sockets, while `socat` can be used
to connect to both Unix and TCP sockets.

By starting a REPL from a Unix socket-based server instead of stdin, it is
possible to connect to a long-running Node.js process without restarting it.

### Examples

#### Full-featured "terminal" REPL over `net.Server` and `net.Socket`

This is an example on how to run a "full-featured" (terminal) REPL using
[`net.Server`][] and [`net.Socket`][]

The following script starts an HTTP server on port `1337` that allows
clients to establish socket connections to its REPL instance.

```mjs
// repl-server.js
import repl from 'node:repl';
import net from 'node:net';

net
  .createServer((socket) => {
    const r = repl.start({
      prompt: `socket ${socket.remoteAddress}:${socket.remotePort}> `,
      input: socket,
      output: socket,
      terminal: true,
      useGlobal: false,
    });
    r.on('exit', () => {
      socket.end();
    });
    r.context.socket = socket;
  })
  .listen(1337);
```

```cjs
// repl-server.js
const repl = require('node:repl');
const net = require('node:net');

net
  .createServer((socket) => {
    const r = repl.start({
      prompt: `socket ${socket.remoteAddress}:${socket.remotePort}> `,
      input: socket,
      output: socket,
      terminal: true,
      useGlobal: false,
    });
    r.on('exit', () => {
      socket.end();
    });
    r.context.socket = socket;
  })
  .listen(1337);
```

While the following implements a client that can create a socket connection
with the above defined server over port `1337`.

```mjs
// repl-client.js
import net from 'node:net';
import process from 'node:process';

const sock = net.connect(1337);

process.stdin.pipe(sock);
sock.pipe(process.stdout);

sock.on('connect', () => {
  process.stdin.resume();
  process.stdin.setRawMode(true);
});

sock.on('close', () => {
  process.stdin.setRawMode(false);
  process.stdin.pause();
  sock.removeListener('close', done);
});

process.stdin.on('end', () => {
  sock.destroy();
  console.log();
});

process.stdin.on('data', (b) => {
  if (b.length === 1 && b[0] === 4) {
    process.stdin.emit('end');
  }
});
```

```cjs
// repl-client.js
const net = require('node:net');

const sock = net.connect(1337);

process.stdin.pipe(sock);
sock.pipe(process.stdout);

sock.on('connect', () => {
  process.stdin.resume();
  process.stdin.setRawMode(true);
});

sock.on('close', () => {
  process.stdin.setRawMode(false);
  process.stdin.pause();
  sock.removeListener('close', done);
});

process.stdin.on('end', () => {
  sock.destroy();
  console.log();
});

process.stdin.on('data', (b) => {
  if (b.length === 1 && b[0] === 4) {
    process.stdin.emit('end');
  }
});
```

To run the example open two different terminals on your machine, start the server
with `node repl-server.js` in one terminal and `node repl-client.js` on the other.

Original code from <https://gist.github.com/TooTallNate/2209310>.

#### REPL over `curl`

This is an example on how to run a REPL instance over [`curl()`][]

The following script starts an HTTP server on port `8000` that can accept
a connection established via [`curl()`][].

```mjs
import http from 'node:http';
import repl from 'node:repl';

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.setHeader('content-type', 'multipart/octet-stream');

  repl.start({
    prompt: 'curl repl> ',
    input: req,
    output: res,
    terminal: false,
    useColors: true,
    useGlobal: false,
  });
});

server.listen(8000);
```

```cjs
const http = require('node:http');
const repl = require('node:repl');

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.setHeader('content-type', 'multipart/octet-stream');

  repl.start({
    prompt: 'curl repl> ',
    input: req,
    output: res,
    terminal: false,
    useColors: true,
    useGlobal: false,
  });
});

server.listen(8000);
```

When the above script is running you can then use [`curl()`][] to connect to
the server and connect to its REPL instance by running `curl --no-progress-meter -sSNT. localhost:8000`.

**Warning** This example is intended purely for educational purposes to demonstrate how
Node.js REPLs can be started using different I/O streams.
It should **not** be used in production environments or any context where security
is a concern without additional protective measures.
If you need to implement REPLs in a real-world application, consider alternative
approaches that mitigate these risks, such as using secure input mechanisms and
avoiding open network interfaces.

Original code from <https://gist.github.com/TooTallNate/2053342>.

[TTY keybindings]: readline.md#tty-keybindings
[ZSH]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_shell
[`'uncaughtException'`]: process.md#event-uncaughtexception
[`--no-experimental-repl-await`]: cli.md#--no-experimental-repl-await
[`ERR_DOMAIN_CANNOT_SET_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTION_CAPTURE`]: errors.md#err_domain_cannot_set_uncaught_exception_capture
[`ERR_INVALID_REPL_INPUT`]: errors.md#err_invalid_repl_input
[`curl()`]: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html
[`domain`]: domain.md
[`module.builtinModules`]: module.md#modulebuiltinmodules
[`net.Server`]: net.md#class-netserver
[`net.Socket`]: net.md#class-netsocket
[`process.setUncaughtExceptionCaptureCallback()`]: process.md#processsetuncaughtexceptioncapturecallbackfn
[`readline.InterfaceCompleter`]: readline.md#use-of-the-completer-function
[`repl.ReplServer`]: #class-replserver
[`repl.start()`]: #replstartoptions
[`reverse-i-search`]: #reverse-i-search
[`util.inspect()`]: util.md#utilinspectobject-options
[custom evaluation functions]: #custom-evaluation-functions
[stream]: stream.md
