/*
 * Copyright 2024 Vsevolod Stakhov
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
#include "config.h"
#include "images.h"
#include "task.h"
#include "message.h"
#include "libserver/html/html.h"

#define msg_debug_images(...) rspamd_conditional_debug_fast(NULL, NULL,                                               \
															rspamd_images_log_id, "images", task->task_pool->tag.uid, \
															G_STRFUNC,                                                \
															__VA_ARGS__)

INIT_LOG_MODULE(images)

#ifdef USABLE_GD
#include "gd.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include <math.h>

#define RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM 64

static rspamd_lru_hash_t *images_hash = NULL;
#endif

static const uint8_t png_signature[] = {137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10};
static const uint8_t jpg_sig1[] = {0xff, 0xd8};
static const uint8_t jpg_sig_jfif[] = {0xff, 0xe0};
static const uint8_t jpg_sig_exif[] = {0xff, 0xe1};
static const uint8_t gif_signature[] = {'G', 'I', 'F', '8'};
static const uint8_t bmp_signature[] = {'B', 'M'};

static bool process_image(struct rspamd_task *task, struct rspamd_mime_part *part);


bool rspamd_images_process_mime_part_maybe(struct rspamd_task *task,
										   struct rspamd_mime_part *part)
{
	if (part->part_type == RSPAMD_MIME_PART_UNDEFINED) {
		if (part->detected_type &&
			strcmp(part->detected_type, "image") == 0 &&
			part->parsed_data.len > 0) {

			return process_image(task, part);
		}
	}

	return false;
}

void rspamd_images_process(struct rspamd_task *task)
{
	unsigned int i;
	struct rspamd_mime_part *part;

	PTR_ARRAY_FOREACH(MESSAGE_FIELD(task, parts), i, part)
	{
		rspamd_images_process_mime_part_maybe(task, part);
	}
}

static enum rspamd_image_type
detect_image_type(rspamd_ftok_t *data)
{
	if (data->len > sizeof(png_signature) / sizeof(png_signature[0])) {
		if (memcmp(data->begin, png_signature, sizeof(png_signature)) == 0) {
			return IMAGE_TYPE_PNG;
		}
	}
	if (data->len > 10) {
		if (memcmp(data->begin, jpg_sig1, sizeof(jpg_sig1)) == 0) {
			if (memcmp(data->begin + 2, jpg_sig_jfif, sizeof(jpg_sig_jfif)) == 0 ||
				memcmp(data->begin + 2, jpg_sig_exif, sizeof(jpg_sig_exif)) == 0) {
				return IMAGE_TYPE_JPG;
			}
		}
	}
	if (data->len > sizeof(gif_signature) / sizeof(gif_signature[0])) {
		if (memcmp(data->begin, gif_signature, sizeof(gif_signature)) == 0) {
			return IMAGE_TYPE_GIF;
		}
	}
	if (data->len > sizeof(bmp_signature) / sizeof(bmp_signature[0])) {
		if (memcmp(data->begin, bmp_signature, sizeof(bmp_signature)) == 0) {
			return IMAGE_TYPE_BMP;
		}
	}

	return IMAGE_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
}


static struct rspamd_image *
process_png_image(rspamd_mempool_t *pool, rspamd_ftok_t *data)
{
	struct rspamd_image *img;
	uint32_t t;
	const uint8_t *p;

	if (data->len < 24) {
		msg_info_pool("bad png detected (maybe striped)");
		return NULL;
	}

	/* In png we should find iHDR section and get data from it */
	/* Skip signature and read header section */
	p = data->begin + 12;
	if (memcmp(p, "IHDR", 4) != 0) {
		msg_info_pool("png doesn't begins with IHDR section");
		return NULL;
	}

	img = rspamd_mempool_alloc0(pool, sizeof(struct rspamd_image));
	img->type = IMAGE_TYPE_PNG;
	img->data = data;

	p += 4;
	memcpy(&t, p, sizeof(uint32_t));
	img->width = ntohl(t);
	p += 4;
	memcpy(&t, p, sizeof(uint32_t));
	img->height = ntohl(t);

	return img;
}

static struct rspamd_image *
process_jpg_image(rspamd_mempool_t *pool, rspamd_ftok_t *data)
{
	const uint8_t *p, *end;
	uint16_t h, w;
	struct rspamd_image *img;

	/*
	 * Need room for the 2-byte SOI plus a marker (2 bytes) plus the
	 * SOF fields (8 bytes) referenced as p[4..7] below.
	 */
	if (data->len < 12) {
		return NULL;
	}

	img = rspamd_mempool_alloc0(pool, sizeof(struct rspamd_image));
	img->type = IMAGE_TYPE_JPG;
	img->data = data;

	p = data->begin;
	end = p + data->len - 8;
	p += 2;

	while (p < end) {
		if (p[0] == 0xFF && p[1] != 0xFF) {
			unsigned int len = p[2] * 256 + p[3];

			p++;

			if (*p == 0xc0 || *p == 0xc1 || *p == 0xc2 || *p == 0xc3 ||
				*p == 0xc9 || *p == 0xca || *p == 0xcb) {
				h = p[4] * 256 + p[5];
				img->height = h;
				w = p[6] * 256 + p[7];
				img->width = w;

				return img;
			}


			p += len;
		}
		else {
			p++;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

static struct rspamd_image *
process_gif_image(rspamd_mempool_t *pool, rspamd_ftok_t *data)
{
	struct rspamd_image *img;
	const uint8_t *p;
	uint16_t t;

	if (data->len < 10) {
		msg_info_pool("bad gif detected (maybe striped)");
		return NULL;
	}

	img = rspamd_mempool_alloc0(pool, sizeof(struct rspamd_image));
	img->type = IMAGE_TYPE_GIF;
	img->data = data;

	p = data->begin + 6;
	memcpy(&t, p, sizeof(uint16_t));
	img->width = GUINT16_FROM_LE(t);
	memcpy(&t, p + 2, sizeof(uint16_t));
	img->height = GUINT16_FROM_LE(t);

	return img;
}

static struct rspamd_image *
process_bmp_image(rspamd_mempool_t *pool, rspamd_ftok_t *data)
{
	struct rspamd_image *img;
	int32_t t;
	const uint8_t *p;

	if (data->len < 28) {
		msg_info_pool("bad bmp detected (maybe striped)");
		return NULL;
	}

	img = rspamd_mempool_alloc0(pool, sizeof(struct rspamd_image));
	img->type = IMAGE_TYPE_BMP;
	img->data = data;
	p = data->begin + 18;
	memcpy(&t, p, sizeof(uint32_t));
	img->width = GUINT32_FROM_LE(t);
	memcpy(&t, p + 4, sizeof(int32_t));
	img->height = GUINT32_FROM_LE(t);

	return img;
}

#ifdef USABLE_GD
/*
 * DCT from Emil Mikulic.
 * http://unix4lyfe.org/dct/
 */
static void
rspamd_image_dct_block(int pixels[8][8], double *out)
{
	int i;
	int rows[8][8];

	static const int c1 = 1004 /* cos(pi/16) << 10 */,
					 s1 = 200 /* sin(pi/16) */,
					 c3 = 851 /* cos(3pi/16) << 10 */,
					 s3 = 569 /* sin(3pi/16) << 10 */,
					 r2c6 = 554 /* sqrt(2)*cos(6pi/16) << 10 */,
					 r2s6 = 1337 /* sqrt(2)*sin(6pi/16) << 10 */,
					 r2 = 181; /* sqrt(2) << 7*/

	int x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8;

	/* transform rows */
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		x0 = pixels[0][i];
		x1 = pixels[1][i];
		x2 = pixels[2][i];
		x3 = pixels[3][i];
		x4 = pixels[4][i];
		x5 = pixels[5][i];
		x6 = pixels[6][i];
		x7 = pixels[7][i];

		/* Stage 1 */
		x8 = x7 + x0;
		x0 -= x7;
		x7 = x1 + x6;
		x1 -= x6;
		x6 = x2 + x5;
		x2 -= x5;
		x5 = x3 + x4;
		x3 -= x4;

		/* Stage 2 */
		x4 = x8 + x5;
		x8 -= x5;
		x5 = x7 + x6;
		x7 -= x6;
		x6 = c1 * (x1 + x2);
		x2 = (-s1 - c1) * x2 + x6;
		x1 = (s1 - c1) * x1 + x6;
		x6 = c3 * (x0 + x3);
		x3 = (-s3 - c3) * x3 + x6;
		x0 = (s3 - c3) * x0 + x6;

		/* Stage 3 */
		x6 = x4 + x5;
		x4 -= x5;
		x5 = r2c6 * (x7 + x8);
		x7 = (-r2s6 - r2c6) * x7 + x5;
		x8 = (r2s6 - r2c6) * x8 + x5;
		x5 = x0 + x2;
		x0 -= x2;
		x2 = x3 + x1;
		x3 -= x1;

		/* Stage 4 and output */
		rows[i][0] = x6;
		rows[i][4] = x4;
		rows[i][2] = x8 >> 10;
		rows[i][6] = x7 >> 10;
		rows[i][7] = (x2 - x5) >> 10;
		rows[i][1] = (x2 + x5) >> 10;
		rows[i][3] = (x3 * r2) >> 17;
		rows[i][5] = (x0 * r2) >> 17;
	}

	/* transform columns */
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		x0 = rows[0][i];
		x1 = rows[1][i];
		x2 = rows[2][i];
		x3 = rows[3][i];
		x4 = rows[4][i];
		x5 = rows[5][i];
		x6 = rows[6][i];
		x7 = rows[7][i];

		/* Stage 1 */
		x8 = x7 + x0;
		x0 -= x7;
		x7 = x1 + x6;
		x1 -= x6;
		x6 = x2 + x5;
		x2 -= x5;
		x5 = x3 + x4;
		x3 -= x4;

		/* Stage 2 */
		x4 = x8 + x5;
		x8 -= x5;
		x5 = x7 + x6;
		x7 -= x6;
		x6 = c1 * (x1 + x2);
		x2 = (-s1 - c1) * x2 + x6;
		x1 = (s1 - c1) * x1 + x6;
		x6 = c3 * (x0 + x3);
		x3 = (-s3 - c3) * x3 + x6;
		x0 = (s3 - c3) * x0 + x6;

		/* Stage 3 */
		x6 = x4 + x5;
		x4 -= x5;
		x5 = r2c6 * (x7 + x8);
		x7 = (-r2s6 - r2c6) * x7 + x5;
		x8 = (r2s6 - r2c6) * x8 + x5;
		x5 = x0 + x2;
		x0 -= x2;
		x2 = x3 + x1;
		x3 -= x1;

		/* Stage 4 and output */
		out[i * 8] = (double) ((x6 + 16) >> 3);
		out[i * 8 + 1] = (double) ((x4 + 16) >> 3);
		out[i * 8 + 2] = (double) ((x8 + 16384) >> 13);
		out[i * 8 + 3] = (double) ((x7 + 16384) >> 13);
		out[i * 8 + 4] = (double) ((x2 - x5 + 16384) >> 13);
		out[i * 8 + 5] = (double) ((x2 + x5 + 16384) >> 13);
		out[i * 8 + 6] = (double) (((x3 >> 8) * r2 + 8192) >> 12);
		out[i * 8 + 7] = (double) (((x0 >> 8) * r2 + 8192) >> 12);
	}
}

struct rspamd_image_cache_entry {
	unsigned char digest[64];
	unsigned char dct[RSPAMD_DCT_LEN / NBBY];
};

static void
rspamd_image_cache_entry_dtor(gpointer p)
{
	struct rspamd_image_cache_entry *entry = p;
	g_free(entry);
}

static uint32_t
rspamd_image_dct_hash(gconstpointer p)
{
	return rspamd_cryptobox_fast_hash(p, rspamd_cryptobox_HASHBYTES,
									  rspamd_hash_seed());
}

static gboolean
rspamd_image_dct_equal(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
{
	return memcmp(a, b, rspamd_cryptobox_HASHBYTES) == 0;
}

static void
rspamd_image_create_cache(struct rspamd_config *cfg)
{
	images_hash = rspamd_lru_hash_new_full(cfg->images_cache_size, NULL,
										   rspamd_image_cache_entry_dtor,
										   rspamd_image_dct_hash, rspamd_image_dct_equal);
}

static gboolean
rspamd_image_check_hash(struct rspamd_task *task, struct rspamd_image *img)
{
	struct rspamd_image_cache_entry *found;

	if (images_hash == NULL) {
		rspamd_image_create_cache(task->cfg);
	}

	found = rspamd_lru_hash_lookup(images_hash, img->parent->digest,
								   task->tv.tv_sec);

	if (found) {
		/* We need to decompress */
		img->dct = g_malloc(RSPAMD_DCT_LEN / NBBY);
		rspamd_mempool_add_destructor(task->task_pool, g_free,
									  img->dct);
		/* Copy as found could be destroyed by LRU */
		memcpy(img->dct, found->dct, RSPAMD_DCT_LEN / NBBY);
		img->is_normalized = TRUE;

		return TRUE;
	}

	return FALSE;
}

static void
rspamd_image_save_hash(struct rspamd_task *task, struct rspamd_image *img)
{
	struct rspamd_image_cache_entry *found;

	if (img->is_normalized) {
		found = rspamd_lru_hash_lookup(images_hash, img->parent->digest,
									   task->tv.tv_sec);

		if (!found) {
			found = g_malloc0(sizeof(*found));
			memcpy(found->dct, img->dct, RSPAMD_DCT_LEN / NBBY);
			memcpy(found->digest, img->parent->digest, sizeof(found->digest));

			rspamd_lru_hash_insert(images_hash, found->digest, found,
								   task->tv.tv_sec, 0);
		}
	}
}

#endif

void rspamd_image_normalize(struct rspamd_task *task, struct rspamd_image *img)
{
#ifdef USABLE_GD
	gdImagePtr src = NULL, dst = NULL;
	unsigned int i, j, k, l;
	double *dct;

	if (img->data->len == 0 || img->data->len > G_MAXINT32) {
		return;
	}

	if (img->height <= RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM ||
		img->width <= RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM) {
		return;
	}

	if (img->data->len > task->cfg->max_pic_size) {
		return;
	}

	if (rspamd_image_check_hash(task, img)) {
		return;
	}

	switch (img->type) {
	case IMAGE_TYPE_JPG:
		src = gdImageCreateFromJpegPtr(img->data->len, (void *) img->data->begin);
		break;
	case IMAGE_TYPE_PNG:
		src = gdImageCreateFromPngPtr(img->data->len, (void *) img->data->begin);
		break;
	case IMAGE_TYPE_GIF:
		src = gdImageCreateFromGifPtr(img->data->len, (void *) img->data->begin);
		break;
	case IMAGE_TYPE_BMP:
		src = gdImageCreateFromBmpPtr(img->data->len, (void *) img->data->begin);
		break;
	default:
		return;
	}

	if (src == NULL) {
		msg_info_task("cannot load image of type %s from %T",
					  rspamd_image_type_str(img->type), img->filename);
	}
	else {
		gdImageSetInterpolationMethod(src, GD_BILINEAR_FIXED);

		dst = gdImageScale(src, RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM, RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM);
		gdImageGrayScale(dst);
		gdImageDestroy(src);

		img->is_normalized = TRUE;
		dct = g_malloc0(sizeof(double) * RSPAMD_DCT_LEN);
		img->dct = g_malloc0(RSPAMD_DCT_LEN / NBBY);
		rspamd_mempool_add_destructor(task->task_pool, g_free,
									  img->dct);

		/*
		 * Split message into blocks:
		 *
		 * ****
		 * ****
		 *
		 * Get sum of saturation values, and set bit if sum is > avg
		 * Then go further
		 *
		 * ****
		 * ****
		 *
		 * and repeat this algorithm.
		 *
		 * So on each iteration we move by 16 pixels and calculate 2 elements of
		 * signature
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM; i += 8) {
			for (j = 0; j < RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM; j += 8) {
				int p[8][8];

				for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
					p[k][0] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j);
					p[k][1] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 1);
					p[k][2] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 2);
					p[k][3] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 3);
					p[k][4] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 4);
					p[k][5] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 5);
					p[k][6] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 6);
					p[k][7] = gdImageGetPixel(dst, i + k, j + 7);
				}

				rspamd_image_dct_block(p,
									   dct + i * RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM + j);

				double avg = 0.0;

				for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
					for (l = 0; l < 8; l++) {
						double x = *(dct +
									 i * RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM + j + k * 8 + l);
						avg += (x - avg) / (double) (k * 8 + l + 1);
					}
				}


				for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
					for (l = 0; l < 8; l++) {
						unsigned int idx = i * RSPAMD_NORMALIZED_DIM + j + k * 8 + l;

						if (dct[idx] >= avg) {
							setbit(img->dct, idx);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		gdImageDestroy(dst);
		g_free(dct);
		rspamd_image_save_hash(task, img);
	}
#endif
}

struct rspamd_image *
rspamd_maybe_process_image(rspamd_mempool_t *pool,
						   rspamd_ftok_t *data)
{
	enum rspamd_image_type type;
	struct rspamd_image *img = NULL;

	if ((type = detect_image_type(data)) != IMAGE_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
		switch (type) {
		case IMAGE_TYPE_PNG:
			img = process_png_image(pool, data);
			break;
		case IMAGE_TYPE_JPG:
			img = process_jpg_image(pool, data);
			break;
		case IMAGE_TYPE_GIF:
			img = process_gif_image(pool, data);
			break;
		case IMAGE_TYPE_BMP:
			img = process_bmp_image(pool, data);
			break;
		default:
			img = NULL;
			break;
		}
	}

	return img;
}

static bool
process_image(struct rspamd_task *task, struct rspamd_mime_part *part)
{
	struct rspamd_image *img;
	const char *ext = part->detected_ext;

	if (ext != NULL && part->parsed_data.len > 0) {
		/* Prefer Lua Magic decision; do not re-detect by magic */
		if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(ext, "png") == 0) {
			img = process_png_image(task->task_pool, &part->parsed_data);
		}
		else if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(ext, "jpg") == 0 || g_ascii_strcasecmp(ext, "jpeg") == 0) {
			img = process_jpg_image(task->task_pool, &part->parsed_data);
		}
		else if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(ext, "gif") == 0) {
			img = process_gif_image(task->task_pool, &part->parsed_data);
		}
		else if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(ext, "bmp") == 0) {
			img = process_bmp_image(task->task_pool, &part->parsed_data);
		}
		else {
			/* Unsupported image subtype for structural parsing; skip without re-magic */
			return false;
		}
	}
	else {
		/* Fallback for legacy/unknown cases */
		img = rspamd_maybe_process_image(task->task_pool, &part->parsed_data);
	}

	if (img == NULL) {
		return false;
	}

	img->parent = part;
	if (part->cd) {
		img->filename = &part->cd->filename;
	}

	part->specific.img = img;
	part->part_type = RSPAMD_MIME_PART_IMAGE;
	if (part->cd == NULL) {
		part->cd = rspamd_mempool_alloc0(task->task_pool, sizeof(*part->cd));
	}
	return true;
}

const char *
rspamd_image_type_str(enum rspamd_image_type type)
{
	switch (type) {
	case IMAGE_TYPE_PNG:
		return "PNG";
		break;
	case IMAGE_TYPE_JPG:
		return "JPEG";
		break;
	case IMAGE_TYPE_GIF:
		return "GIF";
		break;
	case IMAGE_TYPE_BMP:
		return "BMP";
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	return "unknown";
}

static void
rspamd_image_process_part(struct rspamd_task *task, struct rspamd_mime_part *part)
{
	struct rspamd_mime_header *rh;
	struct rspamd_mime_text_part *tp;
	struct html_image *himg;
	const char *cid;
	unsigned int cid_len, i;
	struct rspamd_image *img;

	img = (struct rspamd_image *) part->specific.img;

	if (img) {
		/* Check Content-Id */
		rh = rspamd_message_get_header_from_hash(part->raw_headers,
												 "Content-Id", FALSE);

		if (rh && rh->decoded) {
			cid = rh->decoded;

			if (*cid == '<') {
				cid++;
			}

			cid_len = strlen(cid);

			if (cid_len > 0) {
				if (cid[cid_len - 1] == '>') {
					cid_len--;
				}

				PTR_ARRAY_FOREACH(MESSAGE_FIELD(task, text_parts), i, tp)
				{
					if (IS_TEXT_PART_HTML(tp) && tp->html != NULL) {
						himg = rspamd_html_find_embedded_image(tp->html, cid, cid_len);

						if (himg != NULL) {
							img->html_image = himg;
							himg->embedded_image = img;

							msg_debug_images("found linked image by cid: <%s>",
											 cid);

							if (himg->height == 0) {
								himg->height = img->height;
							}

							if (himg->width == 0) {
								himg->width = img->width;
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

void rspamd_images_link(struct rspamd_task *task)
{
	struct rspamd_mime_part *part;
	unsigned int i;

	PTR_ARRAY_FOREACH(MESSAGE_FIELD(task, parts), i, part)
	{
		if (part->part_type == RSPAMD_MIME_PART_IMAGE) {
			rspamd_image_process_part(task, part);
		}
	}
}
