/*
//
//  Copyright 1997-2009 Torsten Rohlfing
//
//  Copyright 2004-2011, 2013 SRI International
//
//  This file is part of the Computational Morphometry Toolkit.
//
//  http://www.nitrc.org/projects/cmtk/
//
//  The Computational Morphometry Toolkit is free software: you can
//  redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
//  License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
//  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
//  The Computational Morphometry Toolkit is distributed in the hope that it
//  will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
//  warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
//  GNU General Public License for more details.
//
//  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
//  with the Computational Morphometry Toolkit.  If not, see
//  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
//  $Revision$
//
//  $LastChangedDate$
//
//  $LastChangedBy$
//
*/
/*************************************************************************
Copyright (c) 1992-2007 The University of Tennessee.  All rights reserved.

Contributors:
    * Sergey Bochkanov (ALGLIB project). Translation from FORTRAN to
      pseudocode.

See subroutines comments for additional copyrights.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:

- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer listed
  in this license in the documentation and/or other materials
  provided with the distribution.

- Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*************************************************************************/


#include "bidiagonal.h"

/*************************************************************************
Reduction of a rectangular matrix to  bidiagonal form

The algorithm reduces the rectangular matrix A to  bidiagonal form by
orthogonal transformations P and Q: A = Q*B*P.

Input parameters:
    A       -   source matrix. array[0..M-1, 0..N-1]
    M       -   number of rows in matrix A.
    N       -   number of columns in matrix A.

Output parameters:
    A       -   matrices Q, B, P in compact form (see below).
    TauQ    -   scalar factors which are used to form matrix Q.
    TauP    -   scalar factors which are used to form matrix P.

The main diagonal and one of the  secondary  diagonals  of  matrix  A  are
replaced with bidiagonal  matrix  B.  Other  elements  contain  elementary
reflections which form MxM matrix Q and NxN matrix P, respectively.

If M>=N, B is the upper  bidiagonal  MxN  matrix  and  is  stored  in  the
corresponding  elements  of  matrix  A.  Matrix  Q  is  represented  as  a
product   of   elementary   reflections   Q = H(0)*H(1)*...*H(n-1),  where
H(i) = 1-tau*v*v'. Here tau is a scalar which is stored  in  TauQ[i],  and
vector v has the following  structure:  v(0:i-1)=0, v(i)=1, v(i+1:m-1)  is
stored   in   elements   A(i+1:m-1,i).   Matrix   P  is  as  follows:  P =
G(0)*G(1)*...*G(n-2), where G(i) = 1 - tau*u*u'. Tau is stored in TauP[i],
u(0:i)=0, u(i+1)=1, u(i+2:n-1) is stored in elements A(i,i+2:n-1).

If M<N, B is the  lower  bidiagonal  MxN  matrix  and  is  stored  in  the
corresponding   elements  of  matrix  A.  Q = H(0)*H(1)*...*H(m-2),  where
H(i) = 1 - tau*v*v', tau is stored in TauQ, v(0:i)=0, v(i+1)=1, v(i+2:m-1)
is    stored    in   elements   A(i+2:m-1,i).    P = G(0)*G(1)*...*G(m-1),
G(i) = 1-tau*u*u', tau is stored in  TauP,  u(0:i-1)=0, u(i)=1, u(i+1:n-1)
is stored in A(i,i+1:n-1).

EXAMPLE:

m=6, n=5 (m > n):               m=5, n=6 (m < n):

(  d   e   u1  u1  u1 )         (  d   u1  u1  u1  u1  u1 )
(  v1  d   e   u2  u2 )         (  e   d   u2  u2  u2  u2 )
(  v1  v2  d   e   u3 )         (  v1  e   d   u3  u3  u3 )
(  v1  v2  v3  d   e  )         (  v1  v2  e   d   u4  u4 )
(  v1  v2  v3  v4  d  )         (  v1  v2  v3  e   d   u5 )
(  v1  v2  v3  v4  v5 )

Here vi and ui are vectors which form H(i) and G(i), and d and e -
are the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of matrix B.
*************************************************************************/
void rmatrixbd(ap::real_2d_array& a,
     int m,
     int n,
     ap::real_1d_array& tauq,
     ap::real_1d_array& taup)
{
    ap::real_1d_array work;
    ap::real_1d_array t;
    int maxmn;
    int i;
//    int j;
    ap::real_value_type ltau;

    
    //
    // Prepare
    //
    if( n<=0||m<=0 )
    {
        return;
    }
    maxmn = ap::maxint(m, n);
    work.setbounds(0, maxmn);
    t.setbounds(0, maxmn);
    if( m>=n )
    {
        tauq.setbounds(0, n-1);
        taup.setbounds(0, n-1);
    }
    else
    {
        tauq.setbounds(0, m-1);
        taup.setbounds(0, m-1);
    }
    if( m>=n )
    {
        
        //
        // Reduce to upper bidiagonal form
        //
        for(i = 0; i <= n-1; i++)
        {
            
            //
            // Generate elementary reflector H(i) to annihilate A(i+1:m-1,i)
            //
            ap::vmove(t.getvector(1, m-i), a.getcolumn(i, i, m-1));
            generatereflection(t, m-i, ltau);
            tauq(i) = ltau;
            ap::vmove(a.getcolumn(i, i, m-1), t.getvector(1, m-i));
            t(1) = 1;
            
            //
            // Apply H(i) to A(i:m-1,i+1:n-1) from the left
            //
            applyreflectionfromtheleft(a, ltau, t, i, m-1, i+1, n-1, work);
            if( i<n-1 )
            {
                
                //
                // Generate elementary reflector G(i) to annihilate
                // A(i,i+2:n-1)
                //
                ap::vmove(&t(1), &a(i, i+1), ap::vlen(1,n-i-1));
                generatereflection(t, n-1-i, ltau);
                taup(i) = ltau;
                ap::vmove(&a(i, i+1), &t(1), ap::vlen(i+1,n-1));
                t(1) = 1;
                
                //
                // Apply G(i) to A(i+1:m-1,i+1:n-1) from the right
                //
                applyreflectionfromtheright(a, ltau, t, i+1, m-1, i+1, n-1, work);
            }
            else
            {
                taup(i) = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        
        //
        // Reduce to lower bidiagonal form
        //
        for(i = 0; i <= m-1; i++)
        {
            
            //
            // Generate elementary reflector G(i) to annihilate A(i,i+1:n-1)
            //
            ap::vmove(&t(1), &a(i, i), ap::vlen(1,n-i));
            generatereflection(t, n-i, ltau);
            taup(i) = ltau;
            ap::vmove(&a(i, i), &t(1), ap::vlen(i,n-1));
            t(1) = 1;
            
            //
            // Apply G(i) to A(i+1:m-1,i:n-1) from the right
            //
            applyreflectionfromtheright(a, ltau, t, i+1, m-1, i, n-1, work);
            if( i<m-1 )
            {
                
                //
                // Generate elementary reflector H(i) to annihilate
                // A(i+2:m-1,i)
                //
                ap::vmove(t.getvector(1, m-1-i), a.getcolumn(i, i+1, m-1));
                generatereflection(t, m-1-i, ltau);
                tauq(i) = ltau;
                ap::vmove(a.getcolumn(i, i+1, m-1), t.getvector(1, m-1-i));
                t(1) = 1;
                
                //
                // Apply H(i) to A(i+1:m-1,i+1:n-1) from the left
                //
                applyreflectionfromtheleft(a, ltau, t, i+1, m-1, i+1, n-1, work);
            }
            else
            {
                tauq(i) = 0;
            }
        }
    }
}


/*************************************************************************
Unpacking matrix Q which reduces a matrix to bidiagonal form.

Input parameters:
    QP          -   matrices Q and P in compact form.
                    Output of ToBidiagonal subroutine.
    M           -   number of rows in matrix A.
    N           -   number of columns in matrix A.
    TAUQ        -   scalar factors which are used to form Q.
                    Output of ToBidiagonal subroutine.
    QColumns    -   required number of columns in matrix Q.
                    M>=QColumns>=0.

Output parameters:
    Q           -   first QColumns columns of matrix Q.
                    Array[0..M-1, 0..QColumns-1]
                    If QColumns=0, the array is not modified.

  -- ALGLIB --
     Copyright 2005 by Bochkanov Sergey
*************************************************************************/
void rmatrixbdunpackq(const ap::real_2d_array& qp,
     int m,
     int n,
     const ap::real_1d_array& tauq,
     int qcolumns,
     ap::real_2d_array& q)
{
    int i;
    int j;

#ifndef NO_AP_ASSERT
    ap::ap_error::make_assertion(qcolumns<=m, "RMatrixBDUnpackQ: QColumns>M!");
    ap::ap_error::make_assertion(qcolumns>=0, "RMatrixBDUnpackQ: QColumns<0!");
#endif

    if( m==0||n==0||qcolumns==0 )
    {
        return;
    }
    
    //
    // prepare Q
    //
    q.setbounds(0, m-1, 0, qcolumns-1);
    for(i = 0; i <= m-1; i++)
    {
        for(j = 0; j <= qcolumns-1; j++)
        {
            if( i==j )
            {
                q(i,j) = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                q(i,j) = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    
    //
    // Calculate
    //
    rmatrixbdmultiplybyq(qp, m, n, tauq, q, m, qcolumns, false, false);
}


/*************************************************************************
Multiplication by matrix Q which reduces matrix A to  bidiagonal form.

The algorithm allows pre- or post-multiply by Q or Q'.

Input parameters:
    QP          -   matrices Q and P in compact form.
                    Output of ToBidiagonal subroutine.
    M           -   number of rows in matrix A.
    N           -   number of columns in matrix A.
    TAUQ        -   scalar factors which are used to form Q.
                    Output of ToBidiagonal subroutine.
    Z           -   multiplied matrix.
                    array[0..ZRows-1,0..ZColumns-1]
    ZRows       -   number of rows in matrix Z. If FromTheRight=False,
                    ZRows=M, otherwise ZRows can be arbitrary.
    ZColumns    -   number of columns in matrix Z. If FromTheRight=True,
                    ZColumns=M, otherwise ZColumns can be arbitrary.
    FromTheRight -  pre- or post-multiply.
    DoTranspose -   multiply by Q or Q'.

Output parameters:
    Z           -   product of Z and Q.
                    Array[0..ZRows-1,0..ZColumns-1]
                    If ZRows=0 or ZColumns=0, the array is not modified.

  -- ALGLIB --
     Copyright 2005 by Bochkanov Sergey
*************************************************************************/
void rmatrixbdmultiplybyq(const ap::real_2d_array& qp,
     int m,
     int n,
     const ap::real_1d_array& tauq,
     ap::real_2d_array& z,
     int zrows,
     int zcolumns,
     bool fromtheright,
     bool dotranspose)
{
    int i;
    int i1;
    int i2;
    int istep;
    ap::real_1d_array v;
    ap::real_1d_array work;
    int mx;

    if( m<=0||n<=0||zrows<=0||zcolumns<=0 )
    {
        return;
    }

#ifndef NO_AP_ASSERT
    ap::ap_error::make_assertion( (fromtheright&&zcolumns==m) || (!fromtheright&&zrows==m), "RMatrixBDMultiplyByQ: incorrect Z size!");
#endif
    
    //
    // init
    //
    mx = ap::maxint(m, n);
    mx = ap::maxint(mx, zrows);
    mx = ap::maxint(mx, zcolumns);
    v.setbounds(0, mx);
    work.setbounds(0, mx);
    if( m>=n )
    {
        
        //
        // setup
        //
        if( fromtheright )
        {
            i1 = 0;
            i2 = n-1;
            istep = +1;
        }
        else
        {
            i1 = n-1;
            i2 = 0;
            istep = -1;
        }
        if( dotranspose )
        {
            i = i1;
            i1 = i2;
            i2 = i;
            istep = -istep;
        }
        
        //
        // Process
        //
        i = i1;
        do
        {
            ap::vmove(v.getvector(1, m-i), qp.getcolumn(i, i, m-1));
            v(1) = 1;
            if( fromtheright )
            {
                applyreflectionfromtheright(z, tauq(i), v, 0, zrows-1, i, m-1, work);
            }
            else
            {
                applyreflectionfromtheleft(z, tauq(i), v, i, m-1, 0, zcolumns-1, work);
            }
            i = i+istep;
        }
        while(i!=i2+istep);
    }
    else
    {
        
        //
        // setup
        //
        if( fromtheright )
        {
            i1 = 0;
            i2 = m-2;
            istep = +1;
        }
        else
        {
            i1 = m-2;
            i2 = 0;
            istep = -1;
        }
        if( dotranspose )
        {
            i = i1;
            i1 = i2;
            i2 = i;
            istep = -istep;
        }
        
        //
        // Process
        //
        if( m-1>0 )
        {
            i = i1;
            do
            {
                ap::vmove(v.getvector(1, m-i-1), qp.getcolumn(i, i+1, m-1));
                v(1) = 1;
                if( fromtheright )
                {
                    applyreflectionfromtheright(z, tauq(i), v, 0, zrows-1, i+1, m-1, work);
                }
                else
                {
                    applyreflectionfromtheleft(z, tauq(i), v, i+1, m-1, 0, zcolumns-1, work);
                }
                i = i+istep;
            }
            while(i!=i2+istep);
        }
    }
}


/*************************************************************************
Unpacking matrix P which reduces matrix A to bidiagonal form.
The subroutine returns transposed matrix P.

Input parameters:
    QP      -   matrices Q and P in compact form.
                Output of ToBidiagonal subroutine.
    M       -   number of rows in matrix A.
    N       -   number of columns in matrix A.
    TAUP    -   scalar factors which are used to form P.
                Output of ToBidiagonal subroutine.
    PTRows  -   required number of rows of matrix P^T. N >= PTRows >= 0.

Output parameters:
    PT      -   first PTRows columns of matrix P^T
                Array[0..PTRows-1, 0..N-1]
                If PTRows=0, the array is not modified.

  -- ALGLIB --
     Copyright 2005-2007 by Bochkanov Sergey
*************************************************************************/
void rmatrixbdunpackpt(const ap::real_2d_array& qp,
     int m,
     int n,
     const ap::real_1d_array& taup,
     int ptrows,
     ap::real_2d_array& pt)
{
    int i;
    int j;

#ifndef NO_AP_ASSERT
    ap::ap_error::make_assertion(ptrows<=n, "RMatrixBDUnpackPT: PTRows>N!");
    ap::ap_error::make_assertion(ptrows>=0, "RMatrixBDUnpackPT: PTRows<0!");
#endif

    if( m==0||n==0||ptrows==0 )
    {
        return;
    }
    
    //
    // prepare PT
    //
    pt.setbounds(0, ptrows-1, 0, n-1);
    for(i = 0; i <= ptrows-1; i++)
    {
        for(j = 0; j <= n-1; j++)
        {
            if( i==j )
            {
                pt(i,j) = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                pt(i,j) = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    
    //
    // Calculate
    //
    rmatrixbdmultiplybyp(qp, m, n, taup, pt, ptrows, n, true, true);
}


/*************************************************************************
Multiplication by matrix P which reduces matrix A to  bidiagonal form.

The algorithm allows pre- or post-multiply by P or P'.

Input parameters:
    QP          -   matrices Q and P in compact form.
                    Output of RMatrixBD subroutine.
    M           -   number of rows in matrix A.
    N           -   number of columns in matrix A.
    TAUP        -   scalar factors which are used to form P.
                    Output of RMatrixBD subroutine.
    Z           -   multiplied matrix.
                    Array whose indexes range within [0..ZRows-1,0..ZColumns-1].
    ZRows       -   number of rows in matrix Z. If FromTheRight=False,
                    ZRows=N, otherwise ZRows can be arbitrary.
    ZColumns    -   number of columns in matrix Z. If FromTheRight=True,
                    ZColumns=N, otherwise ZColumns can be arbitrary.
    FromTheRight -  pre- or post-multiply.
    DoTranspose -   multiply by P or P'.

Output parameters:
    Z - product of Z and P.
                Array whose indexes range within [0..ZRows-1,0..ZColumns-1].
                If ZRows=0 or ZColumns=0, the array is not modified.

  -- ALGLIB --
     Copyright 2005-2007 by Bochkanov Sergey
*************************************************************************/
void rmatrixbdmultiplybyp(const ap::real_2d_array& qp,
     int m,
     int n,
     const ap::real_1d_array& taup,
     ap::real_2d_array& z,
     int zrows,
     int zcolumns,
     bool fromtheright,
     bool dotranspose)
{
    int i;
    ap::real_1d_array v;
    ap::real_1d_array work;
    int mx;
    int i1;
    int i2;
    int istep;

    if( m<=0||n<=0||zrows<=0||zcolumns<=0 )
    {
        return;
    }

#ifndef NO_AP_ASSERT
    ap::ap_error::make_assertion((fromtheright&&zcolumns==n)||(!fromtheright&&zrows==n), "RMatrixBDMultiplyByP: incorrect Z size!");
#endif
    
    //
    // init
    //
    mx = ap::maxint(m, n);
    mx = ap::maxint(mx, zrows);
    mx = ap::maxint(mx, zcolumns);
    v.setbounds(0, mx);
    work.setbounds(0, mx);
    v.setbounds(0, mx);
    work.setbounds(0, mx);
    if( m>=n )
    {
        
        //
        // setup
        //
        if( fromtheright )
        {
            i1 = n-2;
            i2 = 0;
            istep = -1;
        }
        else
        {
            i1 = 0;
            i2 = n-2;
            istep = +1;
        }
        if( !dotranspose )
        {
            i = i1;
            i1 = i2;
            i2 = i;
            istep = -istep;
        }
        
        //
        // Process
        //
        if( n-1>0 )
        {
            i = i1;
            do
            {
                ap::vmove(&v(1), &qp(i, i+1), ap::vlen(1,n-1-i));
                v(1) = 1;
                if( fromtheright )
                {
                    applyreflectionfromtheright(z, taup(i), v, 0, zrows-1, i+1, n-1, work);
                }
                else
                {
                    applyreflectionfromtheleft(z, taup(i), v, i+1, n-1, 0, zcolumns-1, work);
                }
                i = i+istep;
            }
            while(i!=i2+istep);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        
        //
        // setup
        //
        if( fromtheright )
        {
            i1 = m-1;
            i2 = 0;
            istep = -1;
        }
        else
        {
            i1 = 0;
            i2 = m-1;
            istep = +1;
        }
        if( !dotranspose )
        {
            i = i1;
            i1 = i2;
            i2 = i;
            istep = -istep;
        }
        
        //
        // Process
        //
        i = i1;
        do
        {
            ap::vmove(&v(1), &qp(i, i), ap::vlen(1,n-i));
            v(1) = 1;
            if( fromtheright )
            {
                applyreflectionfromtheright(z, taup(i), v, 0, zrows-1, i, n-1, work);
            }
            else
            {
                applyreflectionfromtheleft(z, taup(i), v, i, n-1, 0, zcolumns-1, work);
            }
            i = i+istep;
        }
        while(i!=i2+istep);
    }
}


/*************************************************************************
Unpacking of the main and secondary diagonals of bidiagonal decomposition
of matrix A.

Input parameters:
    B   -   output of RMatrixBD subroutine.
    M   -   number of rows in matrix B.
    N   -   number of columns in matrix B.

Output parameters:
    IsUpper -   True, if the matrix is upper bidiagonal.
                otherwise IsUpper is False.
    D       -   the main diagonal.
                Array whose index ranges within [0..Min(M,N)-1].
    E       -   the secondary diagonal (upper or lower, depending on
                the value of IsUpper).
                Array index ranges within [0..Min(M,N)-1], the last
                element is not used.

  -- ALGLIB --
     Copyright 2005-2007 by Bochkanov Sergey
*************************************************************************/
void rmatrixbdunpackdiagonals(const ap::real_2d_array& b,
     int m,
     int n,
     bool& isupper,
     ap::real_1d_array& d,
     ap::real_1d_array& e)
{
    int i;

    isupper = m>=n;
    if( m<=0||n<=0 )
    {
        return;
    }
    if( isupper )
    {
        d.setbounds(0, n-1);
        e.setbounds(0, n-1);
        for(i = 0; i <= n-2; i++)
        {
            d(i) = b(i,i);
            e(i) = b(i,i+1);
        }
        d(n-1) = b(n-1,n-1);
    }
    else
    {
        d.setbounds(0, m-1);
        e.setbounds(0, m-1);
        for(i = 0; i <= m-2; i++)
        {
            d(i) = b(i,i);
            e(i) = b(i+1,i);
        }
        d(m-1) = b(m-1,m-1);
    }
}


