/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/

//  Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
//  Just as custom data can be associated with points in the mesh,
//  it is also possible to associate custom data with cells. The type of the
//  data associated with the cells can be different from the data type
//  associated with points. By default, however, these two types are the same.
//  The following example illustrates how to access data associated with
//  cells. The approach is analogous to the one used to access point data.
//
//  \index{itk::Mesh!Cell data}
//
//  Software Guide : EndLatex


//  Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
//  Consider the example of a mesh containing lines on which values are
//  associated with each line. The mesh and cell header files should be
//  included first.
//
//  Software Guide : EndLatex


// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
#include "itkMesh.h"
#include "itkLineCell.h"
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


int
main(int, char *[])
{
  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Then the \code{PixelType} is defined and the mesh type is
  //  instantiated with it.
  //
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!Instantiation}
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!PixelType}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  using PixelType = float;
  using MeshType = itk::Mesh<PixelType, 2>;
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  The \doxygen{LineCell} type can now be instantiated using the traits
  //  taken from the Mesh.
  //
  //  \index{itk::LineCell!Instantiation}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  using CellType = MeshType::CellType;
  using LineType = itk::LineCell<CellType>;
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Let's now create a Mesh and insert some points into it. Note that the
  //  dimension of the points matches the dimension of the Mesh. Here we
  //  insert a sequence of points that look like a plot of the $\log()$
  //  function.  We add the \code{vnl\_math::eps} value in order to avoid
  //  numerical errors when the point id is zero. The value of
  //  \code{vnl\_math::eps} is the difference between 1.0 and the least value
  //  greater than 1.0 that is representable in this computer.
  //
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!New()}
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!SetPoint()}
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!PointType}
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!Pointer}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  auto mesh = MeshType::New();

  using PointType = MeshType::PointType;
  PointType point;

  constexpr unsigned int numberOfPoints = 10;
  for (unsigned int id = 0; id < numberOfPoints; ++id)
  {
    point[0] = static_cast<PointType::ValueType>(id);              // x
    point[1] = std::log(static_cast<double>(id) + itk::Math::eps); // y
    mesh->SetPoint(id, point);
  }
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  A set of line cells is created and associated with the existing points
  //  by using point identifiers. In this simple case, the point identifiers
  //  can be deduced from cell identifiers since the line cells are ordered in
  //  the same way.
  //
  //  \index{itk::AutoPointer!TakeOwnership()}
  //  \index{CellAutoPointer!TakeOwnership()}
  //  \index{CellType!creation}
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!SetCell()}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  CellType::CellAutoPointer line;
  constexpr unsigned int    numberOfCells = numberOfPoints - 1;
  for (unsigned int cellId = 0; cellId < numberOfCells; ++cellId)
  {
    line.TakeOwnership(new LineType);
    line->SetPointId(0, cellId);     // first point
    line->SetPointId(1, cellId + 1); // second point
    mesh->SetCell(cellId, line);     // insert the cell
  }
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  std::cout << "Points = " << mesh->GetNumberOfPoints() << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Cells  = " << mesh->GetNumberOfCells() << std::endl;


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Data associated with cells is inserted in the \doxygen{Mesh} by using
  //  the \code{SetCellData()} method.  It requires the user to provide an
  //  identifier and the value to be inserted. The identifier should match one
  //  of the inserted cells. In this simple example, the square of the cell
  //  identifier is used as cell data. Note the use of \code{static\_cast} to
  //  \code{PixelType} in the assignment.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  for (unsigned int cellId = 0; cellId < numberOfCells; ++cellId)
  {
    mesh->SetCellData(cellId, static_cast<PixelType>(cellId * cellId));
  }

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Cell data can be read from the Mesh with the
  //  \code{GetCellData()} method. It requires the user to provide the
  //  identifier of the cell for which the data is to be retrieved. The user
  //  should provide also a valid pointer to a location where the data can be
  //  copied.
  //
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!GetCellData()}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  for (unsigned int cellId = 0; cellId < numberOfCells; ++cellId)
  {
    auto value = static_cast<PixelType>(0.0);
    mesh->GetCellData(cellId, &value);
    std::cout << "Cell " << cellId << " = " << value << std::endl;
  }
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Neither \code{SetCellData()} or \code{GetCellData()} are efficient ways
  //  to access cell data. More efficient access to cell data can be achieved
  //  by using the Iterators built into the \code{CellDataContainer}.
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  using CellDataIterator = MeshType::CellDataContainer::ConstIterator;
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Note that the \code{ConstIterator} is used here because the data is only
  //  going to be read.  This approach is exactly the same already illustrated
  //  for getting access to point data. The iterator to the first cell data
  //  item can be obtained with the \code{Begin()} method of the
  //  \code{CellDataContainer}. The past-end iterator is returned by the
  //  \code{End()} method. The cell data container itself can be obtained from
  //  the mesh with the method \code{GetCellData()}.
  //
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!Iterating cell data}
  //  \index{itk::Mesh!GetCellData()}
  //  \index{CellDataContainer!Begin()}
  //  \index{CellDataContainer!End()}
  //  \index{CellDataContainer!Iterator}
  //  \index{CellDataContainer!ConstIterator}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  CellDataIterator       cellDataIterator = mesh->GetCellData()->Begin();
  const CellDataIterator end = mesh->GetCellData()->End();
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex
  //
  //  Finally, a standard loop is used to iterate over all the cell data
  //  entries. Note the use of the \code{Value()} method to get the
  //  value associated with the data entry. \code{PixelType} elements are
  //  copied into the local variable \code{cellValue}.
  //
  //  \index{CellDataIterator!Value()}
  //  \index{CellDataIterator!increment}
  //
  //  Software Guide : EndLatex

  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
  while (cellDataIterator != end)
  {
    const PixelType cellValue = cellDataIterator.Value();
    std::cout << cellValue << std::endl;
    ++cellDataIterator;
  }
  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
