Introduction to RubyMail¶ ↑
This will get you started with the basics of using RubyMail.
Turning Text into a Message Object¶ ↑
message = RMail::Parser.read(input)
The input can be a normal Ruby IO object or a string. The result is a RMail::Message
object. See RMail::Parser
for more information.
Turning a Message Object into Text¶ ↑
File.open('my-message', 'w') { |f| RMail::Serialize.write(f, message) }
or
string = RMail::Serialize.write('', message)
See RMail::Serialize
for more information.
A convenient shortcut when you want the message as a string is RMail::Message#to_s
.
string = message.to_s
You can also use RMail::Message#each
to process each line of the serialized message in turn.
message.each { |line| puts line }
Manipulating a Message¶ ↑
You use the methods of the RMail::Message
and RMail::Header
classes to manipulate the message.
Retrieve the Body¶ ↑
You can retrieve the text of a single part message with RMail::Message#body
.
body = message.body
But beware that if the message is a MIME multipart message, body
will be an Array of RMail::Message
objects. If you know you have a MIME multipart message (easily tested with RMail::Message#multipart?
), then you can retrieve them individually with RMail::Message#part
and RMail::Message#each_part
.
first_part = message.part(0) message.each_part { |part| # do something with part }
See guide/MIME.txt for more tips on dealing with MIME messages.
Manipulate the Message Headers¶ ↑
The RMail::Message#header
method retrieves the RMail::Header
object that every message contains. You can then use RMail::Header
methods to manipulate the message’s header.
People often confuse a “message header” with “header fields.” In RubyMail a “header” always means the entire header of the message, while “field” means an individual header field (e.g. “Subject”).
To append new fields, simply access assign to them like an array:
message.header['To'] = 'bob@example.net' message.header['From'] = 'sally@example.net'
Note that the above will always append a new header, so you must delete existing headers if you want only one.
To retrieve fields, you can access the header like an array. This will return the field value.
subject = message.header['Subject']
Of course, a header may have several fields with the same name. To retrieve all the values you can use RMail::Header.match
.
destinations = message.header.match(/^(to|cc|bcc)$/, nil)
See the RMail::Header
documentation for many other useful functions.
Dealing with Email Addresses¶ ↑
The address syntax for Internet email messages (as specified in RFC2822) is complex. RubyMail contains the RMail::Address
class that can be used to parse and generate these addresses in a robust way. For example, to retrieve all destination addresses from a RMail::Header
object:
recipients = RMail::Address.parse(header.match(/^(to|cc)/, nil))
Then print out just the address portion:
recipients.each { |r| r.address }
When creating an address from scratch, you typically do this:
address = RMail::Address.new("Bob Smith <bob@example.net>")
Then to get the text form of the address form back:
address.format
TODO: addresses can be keys of a hash, sorted, etc…
More Topics¶ ↑
This is just the beginning. See guide/TableOfContents.txt for a list of other things covered in this guide.