# Clipboard

Ghidra includes clipboard support so that data and code can easily be transferred in and out of your project. The Ghidra clipboard supports copying and pasting in a variety of formats (achieved by executing the Copy Special... command). Each window defines its own behavior for how the clipboard will function and what types of data will be copied.

The Code Browser supports the following copy formats:

- Labels and Comments
- Formatted Code
- Byte String
- Byte String (no spaces)
- GhidraURL

The default copy operation in the Code Browser (achieved by executing the Copy command), however, will copy either selected text or the specific field under the cursor, depending upon the current selection and cursor location in the browser.

- If there is a selection, then that selection's text will be copied.
- If there is no selection, then a copy may take place, depending upon the field under the cursor (this works for the Code Browser only). The following list of fields support copying:
  - Operand Field Reference
  - Label Field
  - Comment Field
  - Address Field
  - Bytes Field

To do the default copy, make a selection in the Code Browser, right mouse click and choose the Copy option.

In order to copy labels and comments, right-click from within the Code Browser, Click Copy Special..., and choose the format you would like to copy. The last selected format is also available from the right-click popup menu.

The clipboard supports the following operations:

- Copy - Copies selected items onto the clipboard.
- Paste - Pastes the clipboard contents to the current location.
- Copy Special... - Allows for a copy operation where the type/format copied is specified by the user.

The clipboard allows for data to be both copied locally (within Ghidra) or onto the system clipboard. Data copied onto the system clipboard may be accepted by other applications.

## Default Operations

> ### Copy

> Copies the currently selected items. The behavior will be dependent on the specific window you copy from. Generally, copy means to place a copy of whatever is selected onto the clipboard so that it can be pasted in another location within Ghidra or to another application. The copy action can be triggered via the context menu that appears when you right-click.

> ### Paste

> Pastes the clipboard contents to the current location. The behavior will be dependent on the specific window you paste to. Generally, paste means to insert a copy of whatever is on the clipboard to the location the cursor is currently at. Unlike the cut and copy actions, the paste action is always enabled because it cannot be notified of clipboard changes. If you attempt to paste and the data on the clipboard is not compatible with the window you pasted in, you will receive an error message. The paste action can be triggered via the context menu that appears when you right-click.

## Custom Operations

> ### Copy Special

> The copy special dialog allows you to copy the selected information in a specific format. You can trigger the copy special dialog via the context menu that appears when you right-click. When the dialog appears, it will contain a list of the currently available formats. Choose the format you want and click OK to copy the selected information to the clipboard.

> The last selected format from the copy special dialog will appear on the popup menu along with the standard copy and paste operations (it is only visible when the last selected format is applicable). This feature allows you to repeatedly copy the same format quickly from either the menu or by binding a key to it. To specify a key binding, select EditTool Options, click on `Key Bindings`, and choose the action for which you want to define a key. The action for repeat copying of the last format is called `Copy Special Again`. When available, the popup menu appears as follows:

## Supported Windows

> ### Listing

> The Code Browser Listing window can copy the following formats:

> - Formatted Code - Copies text from the selected blocks in the Code Browser to the clipboard. The spacing and formatting are preserved as much as possible. The plain text can easily be pasted into a text processor. This is the default copy format.
> - Assembly Code - Copies raw assembly code from the selected blocks in the Code Browser to the clipboard. Only instruction mnemonics and operands (without markup) are included. The resulting code is suitable for pasting into the Assemble action.
> - Labels and Comments - Copies the labels and comments from the selected blocks in the Code Browser to the clipboard. These can be pasted to another part of the program or to another open Code Browser, however, there is no external application that will paste the labels and comments. If you are pasting labels at a location where a default label exists, then the default label will be removed. Also, a default label cannot be pasted. Trying to paste a default label will result in no change.
> - Byte String - Copies the bytes from the selected blocks in the Code Browser to the clipboard as text. These can be pasted to another part of the program (provided the area pasted to is undefined) or to an external application that supports pasting byte strings. Often, hex editors will be able to paste this format.
> - Byte String (No Spaces) - This is the same as the Byte String format, except there are no delimiting spaces between bytes.
> - Data - Copies a the values of all the selected data objects to the clipboard as text. This option ignores any compound data objects such as structures, unions, or arrays. You can copy data from structures, but you must first open them and select the elements you want to copy as a string.
> - Dereferenced Data - Copies the values of all data pointed to by the selected pointers. The contents will be copied to the clipboard as text. If the pointed to data is a compound data object such as a structure or array, it is ignored.
> - Python Byte String - Copies the bytes into the Python byte string format, for example: `b'\x41\xec\x49\x89'`.
> - Python List String - Copies the bytes into the Python list format, for example: `[ 0x66, 0x2e, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x84 ]`.
> - C Array String - Copies the bytes into the C array format, for example: `{ 0x66, 0x2e, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x84 }`.
> - Address - Copies the address at the top of the selection.
> - Address w/ Offset - Copies the address at the cursor or each address in the current selection. The text is formatted to show the offset from the entry point of the function, for example: `main + 0x2`
> - Byte Source Offset - Copies the byte source offset from the start of the file for each address in the current selection. If the address is not backed by a file, `<NO_OFFSET>` is copied.
> - GhidraURL - Creates a GhidraURL for the address under the cursor then copies that URL to the clipboard.

> The Code Browser Listing window can paste the following formats:

> - Labels and Comments - Labels and comments can be pasted anywhere in the program.
> - Byte String - Any string of text bytes can be pasted into an undefined region of the program. White space will be ignored.
> - Label String - Available when a default copy was performed while there was no text selection. This value can be pasted onto a label or comment.
> - Comment String - Available when a default copy was performed while there was no text selection. This value can be pasted onto a comment.
> - Byte String - Available when a default copy was performed while there was no text selection. This value can be pasted onto a comment.
> - Address String - Available when a default copy was performed while there was no text selection. This value can be pasted onto a comment.

> The paste is able to determine the type of data on the clipboard and will paste the appropriate type when it is triggered.

> ### Bytes in Memory

> The Byte Viewer Bytes In Memory window can copy the following formats:

> - Byte String - Copies the bytes from the selected blocks in the Code Browser to the clipboard as text. These can be pasted to another part of the program (provided the area pasted to is undefined) or to an external application that supports pasting byte strings. Often, hex editors will be able to paste this format. This is the default copy format.
> - Byte String (No Spaces) - This is the same as the Byte String format, except there are no delimiting spaces between bytes.
> - Python Byte String - Copies the bytes into the Python byte string format, for example: `b'\x41\xec\x49\x89'`.
> - Python List String - Copies the bytes into the Python list format, for example: `[ 0x66, 0x2e, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x84 ]`.
> - C Array String - Copies the bytes into the C array format, for example: `{ 0x66, 0x2e, 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x84 }`.

> The Byte Viewer Bytes In Memory window can paste the following formats:

> - Byte String - Any string of text bytes can be pasted into an undefined region of the program. White space will be ignored.

> The paste is able to determine the type of data on the clipboard and will paste the appropriate type when it is triggered.