// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2002-2026 PCSX2 Dev Team
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0+

#include "ExpressionParser.h"

#include "Host.h"
#include "common/StringUtil.h"

#include <cctype>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>

typedef enum {
	EXOP_BRACKETL, EXOP_BRACKETR, EXOP_MEML, EXOP_MEMR, EXOP_MEMSIZE, EXOP_SIGNPLUS, EXOP_SIGNMINUS,
	EXOP_BITNOT, EXOP_LOGNOT, EXOP_MUL, EXOP_DIV, EXOP_MOD, EXOP_ADD, EXOP_SUB,
	EXOP_SHL, EXOP_SHR, EXOP_GREATEREQUAL, EXOP_GREATER, EXOP_LOWEREQUAL, EXOP_LOWER,
	EXOP_EQUAL, EXOP_NOTEQUAL, EXOP_BITAND, EXOP_XOR, EXOP_BITOR, EXOP_LOGAND,
	EXOP_LOGOR, EXOP_TERTIF, EXOP_TERTELSE, EXOP_NUMBER, EXOP_MEM, EXOP_NONE, EXOP_COUNT
} ExpressionOpcodeType;

typedef enum { EXCOMM_CONST, EXCOMM_CONST_FLOAT, EXCOMM_REF, EXCOMM_OP } ExpressionCommand;

typedef struct {
	char Name[4];
	unsigned char Priority;
	unsigned char len;
	unsigned char args;
	bool sign;
} ExpressionOpcode;

const ExpressionOpcode ExpressionOpcodes[] = {
	{ "(",	25,	1,	0,	false },	// EXOP_BRACKETL
	{ ")",	25,	1,	0,	false },	// EXOP_BRACKETR
	{ "[",	4,	1,	0,	false },	// EXOP_MEML
	{ "]",	4,	1,	0,	false },	// EXOP_MEMR
	{ ",",	5,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_MEMSIZE
	{ "+",	22,	1,	1,	true  },	// EXOP_SIGNPLUS
	{ "-",	22,	1,	1,	true  },	// EXOP_SIGNMINUS
	{ "~",	22,	1,	1,	false },	// EXOP_BITNOT
	{ "!",	22,	1,	1,	false },	// EXOP_LOGNOT
	{ "*",	21,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_MUL
	{ "/",	21,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_DIV
	{ "%",	21,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_MOD
	{ "+",	20,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_ADD
	{ "-",	20,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_SUB
	{ "<<",	19,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_SHL
	{ ">>",	19,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_SHR
	{ ">=",	18,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_GREATEREQUAL
	{ ">",	18,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_GREATER
	{ "<=",	18,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_LOWEREQUAL
	{ "<",	18,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_LOWER
	{ "==",	17,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_EQUAL
	{ "!=",	17,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_NOTEQUAL
	{ "&",	16,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_BITAND
	{ "^",	15,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_XOR
	{ "|",	14,	1,	2,	false },	// EXOP_BITOR
	{ "&&",	13,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_LOGAND
	{ "||",	12,	2,	2,	false },	// EXOP_LOGOR
	{ "?",	10,	1,	0,	false },	// EXOP_TERTIF
	{ ":",	11,	1,	3,	false },	// EXOP_TERTELSE
	{ "",	0,	0,	0,	false },	// EXOP_NUMBER
	{ "[]",	0,	0,	1,	false },	// EXOP_MEM
	{ "",	0,	0,	0,	false }		// EXOP_NONE
};

bool parseNumber(char* str, int defaultrad, int len, u64& result)
{
	u64 val = 0;
	int r = 0;
	if (len == 0) len = (int) strlen(str);

	if (str[0] == '0' && tolower(str[1]) == 'x')
	{
		r = 16;
		str+=2;
		len-=2;
	} else if (str[0] == '$')
	{
		r = 16;
		str++;
		len--;
	} else if (str[0] == '0' && tolower(str[1]) == 'o')
	{
		r = 8;
		str+=2;
		len-=2;
	} else {
		if (tolower(str[len-1]) == 'b' && defaultrad != 16)
		{
			r = 2;
			len--;
		} else if (tolower(str[len-1]) == 'o')
		{
			r = 8;
			len--;
		} else if (tolower(str[len-1]) == 'h')
		{
			r = 16;
			len--;
		} else {
			r = defaultrad;
		}
	}

	switch (r)
	{
	case 2: // bin
		while (len--)
		{
			if (*str != '0' && *str != '1') return false;
			val = val << 1;
			if (*str++ == '1')
			{
				val++;
			}
		}
		break;
	case 8: // oct
		while (len--)
		{
			if (*str < '0' || *str > '7') return false;
			val = val << 3;
			val+=(*str++-'0');
		}
		break;
	case 10: // dec
		while (len--)
		{
			if (*str < '0' || *str > '9') return false;
			val = val * 10;
			val += (*str++ - '0');
		}
		break;
	case 16: // hex
		while (len--)
		{
			char c = tolower(*str++);
			if ((c < '0' || c > '9') && (c < 'a' || c > 'f')) return false;
			val = val << 4;

			if (c >= 'a') val += c-'a'+10;
			else val += c-'0';
		}
		break;
	default:
		return false;
	}

	result = val;
	return true;
}

// Parse only a float, and return as float bits.
static bool parseFloat(const char *str, int len, u64 &result)
{
	bool foundDecimal = false;
	for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
	{
		if (str[i] == '.')
		{
			if (foundDecimal)
				return false;
			foundDecimal = true;
			continue;
		}
		if (str[i] < '0' || str[i] > '9')
			return false;
	}

	result = 0;
	float f = (float)atof(str);
	memcpy(&result, &f, sizeof(float));
	return foundDecimal;
}

ExpressionOpcodeType getExpressionOpcode(const char* str, int& ReturnLen, ExpressionOpcodeType LastOpcode)
{
	int longestlen = 0;
	ExpressionOpcodeType result = EXOP_NONE;

	for (int i = 0; i < EXOP_NUMBER; i++)
	{
		if (ExpressionOpcodes[i].sign &&
			(LastOpcode == EXOP_NUMBER || LastOpcode == EXOP_BRACKETR)) continue;

		int len = ExpressionOpcodes[i].len;
		if (len > longestlen)
		{
			if (strncmp(ExpressionOpcodes[i].Name,str,len) == 0)
			{
				result = (ExpressionOpcodeType) i;
				longestlen = len;
			}
		}
	}

	ReturnLen = longestlen;
	return result;
}

bool isAlphaNum(char c)
{
	return ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
		(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
		(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
		c == '@' || c == '_' || c == '$' || c == '.');
}

bool initPostfixExpression(const char* infix, IExpressionFunctions* funcs, PostfixExpression& dest, std::string& error)
{
	int infixPos = 0;
	int infixLen = (int)strlen(infix);
	ExpressionOpcodeType lastOpcode = EXOP_NONE;
	std::vector<ExpressionOpcodeType> opcodeStack;
	dest.clear();

	while (infixPos < infixLen)
	{
		char first = tolower(infix[infixPos]);
		char subStr[256];
		int subPos = 0;

		if (first == ' ' || first == '\t')
		{
			infixPos++;
			continue;
		}

		if (first >= '0' && first <= '9')
		{
			while (isAlphaNum(infix[infixPos]) && subPos < static_cast<int>(sizeof(subStr)) - 1)
			{
				subStr[subPos++] = infix[infixPos++];
			}
			subStr[subPos] = 0;

			if(subPos == sizeof(subStr) - 1)
			{
				error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Token too long.");
				return false;
			}

			u64 value;
			bool isFloat = false;
			if (parseFloat(subStr,subPos,value))
				isFloat = true;
			else if (!parseNumber(subStr,16,subPos,value))
			{
				error = StringUtil::StdStringFromFormat(
					TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Invalid number \"%s\"."), subStr);
				return false;
			}

			dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(isFloat?EXCOMM_CONST_FLOAT:EXCOMM_CONST,value));
			lastOpcode = EXOP_NUMBER;
		} else if ((first >= 'a' && first <= 'z') || first == '@' || first == '_')
		{
			while (isAlphaNum(infix[infixPos]) && subPos < static_cast<int>(sizeof(subStr)) - 1)
			{
				subStr[subPos++] = infix[infixPos++];
			}
			subStr[subPos] = 0;

			if(subPos == sizeof(subStr) - 1)
			{
				error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Token too long.");
				return false;
			}

			u64 value;
			if (funcs->parseReference(subStr,value))
			{
				dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_REF,value));
				lastOpcode = EXOP_NUMBER;
				continue;
			}

			if (funcs->parseSymbol(subStr,value))
			{
				dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_CONST,value));
				lastOpcode = EXOP_NUMBER;
				continue;
			}

			if(parseNumber(subStr,16,subPos,value))
			{
				dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_CONST,value));
				lastOpcode = EXOP_NUMBER;
				continue;
			}

			error = StringUtil::StdStringFromFormat(
				TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Invalid symbol \"%s\"."), subStr);
			return false;
		} else {
			int len;
			ExpressionOpcodeType type = getExpressionOpcode(&infix[infixPos],len,lastOpcode);
			if (type == EXOP_NONE)
			{
				error = StringUtil::StdStringFromFormat(
					TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Invalid operator at \"%s\"."), &infix[infixPos]);
				return false;
			}

			switch (type)
			{
			case EXOP_BRACKETL:
			case EXOP_MEML:
				opcodeStack.push_back(type);
				break;
			case EXOP_BRACKETR:
				while (true)
				{
					if (opcodeStack.empty())
					{
						error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Closing parenthesis without opening one.");
						return false;
					}
					ExpressionOpcodeType t = opcodeStack[opcodeStack.size()-1];
					opcodeStack.pop_back();
					if (t == EXOP_BRACKETL) break;
					dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_OP,t));
				}
				break;
			case EXOP_MEMR:
				while (true)
				{
					if (opcodeStack.empty())
					{
						error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Closing bracket without opening one.");
						return false;
					}
					ExpressionOpcodeType t = opcodeStack[opcodeStack.size()-1];
					opcodeStack.pop_back();
					if (t == EXOP_MEML)
					{
						dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_OP,EXOP_MEM));
						break;
					}
					dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_OP,t));
				}
				type = EXOP_NUMBER;
				break;
			default:
				if (!opcodeStack.empty())
				{
					int CurrentPriority = ExpressionOpcodes[type].Priority;
					while (!opcodeStack.empty())
					{
						ExpressionOpcodeType t = opcodeStack[opcodeStack.size()-1];
						opcodeStack.pop_back();

						if (t == EXOP_BRACKETL || t == EXOP_MEML)
						{
							opcodeStack.push_back(t);
							break;
						}

						if (ExpressionOpcodes[t].Priority >= CurrentPriority)
						{
							dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_OP,t));
						} else {
							opcodeStack.push_back(t);
							break;
						}
					}
				}
				opcodeStack.push_back(type);
				break;
			}
			infixPos += len;
			lastOpcode = type;
		}
	}

	while (!opcodeStack.empty())
	{
		ExpressionOpcodeType t = opcodeStack[opcodeStack.size()-1];
		opcodeStack.pop_back();

		if (t == EXOP_BRACKETL)	// opening bracket without closing one
		{
			error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Parenthesis not closed.");
			return false;
		}
		dest.push_back(ExpressionPair(EXCOMM_OP,t));
	}

#if 0			// only for testing
	char test[1024];
	int testPos = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < dest.size(); i++)
	{
		switch (dest[i].first)
		{
		case EXCOMM_CONST:
		case EXCOMM_CONST_FLOAT:
			testPos += std::snprintf(&test[testPos],std::size(test),"0x%04X ",dest[i].second);
			break;
		case EXCOMM_REF:
			testPos += std::snprintf(&test[testPos],std::size(test),"r%d ",dest[i].second);
			break;
		case EXCOMM_OP:
			testPos += std::snprintf(&test[testPos],std::size(test),"%s ",ExpressionOpcodes[dest[i].second].Name);
			break;
		};
	}
#endif

	return true;
}

bool parsePostfixExpression(PostfixExpression& exp, IExpressionFunctions* funcs, u64& dest, std::string& error)
{
	size_t num = 0;
	u64 opcode;
	std::vector<u64> valueStack;
	u64 arg[5] = {0};
	float fArg[5] = {0};
	bool useFloat = false;

	while (num < exp.size())
	{
		switch (exp[num].first)
		{
		case EXCOMM_CONST:	// konstante zahl
			valueStack.push_back(exp[num++].second);
			break;
		case EXCOMM_CONST_FLOAT:
			useFloat = true;
			valueStack.push_back(exp[num++].second);
			break;
		case EXCOMM_REF:
			useFloat = useFloat || funcs->getReferenceType(exp[num].second) == EXPR_TYPE_FLOAT;
			opcode = funcs->getReferenceValue(exp[num++].second);
			valueStack.push_back(opcode);
			break;
		case EXCOMM_OP:	// opcode
			opcode = exp[num++].second;
			if (valueStack.size() < ExpressionOpcodes[opcode].args)
			{
				error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Not enough arguments.");
				return false;
			}
			for (int l = 0; l < ExpressionOpcodes[opcode].args; l++)
			{
				arg[l] = valueStack[valueStack.size()-1];
				fArg[l] = arg[l];
				valueStack.pop_back();
			}

			switch (opcode)
			{
			case EXOP_MEMSIZE:	// must be followed by EXOP_MEM
				if (exp[num++].second != EXOP_MEM)
				{
					error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Invalid memsize operator.");
					return false;
				}

				u64 val;
				if(!funcs->getMemoryValue(arg[1],arg[0],val,error))
				{
					return false;
				}
				valueStack.push_back(val);
				break;
			case EXOP_MEM:
				{
					u64 val;
					if (!funcs->getMemoryValue(arg[0],4,val,error))
					{
						return false;
					}
					valueStack.push_back(val);
				}
				break;
			case EXOP_SIGNPLUS:		// keine aktion nötig
				break;
			case EXOP_SIGNMINUS:	// -0
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(0.0-fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(0-arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_BITNOT:			// ~b
				valueStack.push_back(~arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_LOGNOT:			// !b
				valueStack.push_back(!arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_MUL:			// a*b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]*fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]*arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_DIV:			// a/b
				if (arg[0] == 0)
				{
					error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Division by zero.");
					return false;
				}
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]/fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]/arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_MOD:			// a%b
				if (arg[0] == 0)
				{
					error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Modulo by zero.");
					return false;
				}
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]%arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_ADD:			// a+b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]+fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]+arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_SUB:			// a-b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]-fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]-arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_SHL:			// a<<b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]<<arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_SHR:			// a>>b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]>>arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_GREATEREQUAL:		// a >= b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]>=fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]>=arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_GREATER:			// a > b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]>fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]>arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_LOWEREQUAL:		// a <= b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]<=fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]<=arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_LOWER:			// a < b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1]<fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]<arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_EQUAL:		// a == b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1] == fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]==arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_NOTEQUAL:			// a != b
				if (useFloat)
					valueStack.push_back(fArg[1] != fArg[0]);
				else
					valueStack.push_back(arg[1]!=arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_BITAND:			// a&b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]&arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_XOR:			// a^b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]^arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_BITOR:			// a|b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]|arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_LOGAND:			// a && b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]&&arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_LOGOR:			// a || b
				valueStack.push_back(arg[1]||arg[0]);
				break;
			case EXOP_TERTIF:			// darf so nicht vorkommen
				return false;
			case EXOP_TERTELSE:			// exp ? exp : exp, else muss zuerst kommen!
				if (exp[num++].second != EXOP_TERTIF)
				{
					error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Invalid tertiary operator.");
					return false;
				}
				valueStack.push_back(arg[2]?arg[1]:arg[0]);
				break;
			}
			break;
		}
	}

	if (valueStack.size() != 1)
	{
		error = TRANSLATE("ExpressionParser", "Invalid expression (Too many constants?)");
		return false;
	}
	dest = valueStack[0];
	return true;
}

bool parseExpression(const char* exp, IExpressionFunctions* funcs, u64& dest, std::string& error)
{
	PostfixExpression postfix;
	if (!initPostfixExpression(exp,funcs,postfix,error)) return false;
	return parsePostfixExpression(postfix,funcs,dest,error);
}
