Ryu application API¶
Ryu application programming model¶
Threads, events, and event queues¶
Ryu applications are single-threaded entities which implement various functionalities in Ryu. Events are messages between them.
Ryu applications send asynchronous events to each other. Besides that, there are some Ryu-internal event sources which are not Ryu applications. One of examples of such event sources is OpenFlow controller. While an event can currently contain arbitrary python objects, it's discouraged to pass complex objects (eg. unpickleable objects) between Ryu applications.
Each Ryu application has a receive queue for events. The queue is FIFO and preserves the order of events. Each Ryu application has a thread for event processing. The thread keeps draining the receive queue by dequeueing an event and calling the appropritate event handler for the event type. Because the event handler is called in the context of the event processing thread, it should be careful when blocking. While an event handler is blocked, no further events for the Ryu application will be processed.
There are kinds of events which are used to implement synchronous inter-application calls between Ryu applications. While such requests uses the same machinary as ordinary events, their replies are put on a queue dedicated to the transaction to avoid deadlock.
While threads and queues is currently implemented with eventlet/greenlet, a direct use of them in a Ryu application is strongly discouraged.
Contexts¶
Contexts are ordinary python objects shared among Ryu applications. The use of contexts are discouraged for new code.
Create a Ryu application¶
A Ryu application is a python module which defines a subclass of ryu.base.app_manager.RyuApp. If two or more such classes are defined in a module, the first one (by name order) will be picked by app_manager. Ryu application is singleton: only single instance of a given Ryu application is supported.
Observe events¶
A Ryu application can register itself to listen for specific events using ryu.controller.handler.set_ev_cls decorator.
Generate events¶
A Ryu application can raise events by calling appropriate ryu.base.app_manager.RyuApp's methods like send_event or send_event_to_observers.
Event classes¶
An event class describes a Ryu event generated in the system. By convention, event class names are prefixed by "Event". Events are generated either by the core part of Ryu or Ryu applications. A Ryu application can register its interest for a specific type of event by providing a handler method using ryu.controller.handler.set_ev_cls decorator.
OpenFlow event classes¶
ryu.controller.ofp_event module exports event classes which describe receptions of OpenFlow messages from connected switches. By convention, they are named as ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPxxxx where xxxx is the name of the corresponding OpenFlow message. For example, EventOFPPacketIn for packet-in message. The OpenFlow controller part of Ryu automatically decodes OpenFlow messages received from switches and send these events to Ryu applications which expressed an interest using ryu.controller.handler.set_ev_cls. OpenFlow event classes are subclasses of the following class.
-
class
ryu.controller.ofp_event.
EventOFPMsgBase
(msg)¶ The base class of OpenFlow event class.
OpenFlow event classes have at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
msg
An object which describes the corresponding OpenFlow message.
msg.datapath
A ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance which describes an OpenFlow switch from which we received this OpenFlow message.
timestamp
Timestamp when Datapath instance generated this event.
The msg object has some more additional members whose values are extracted from the original OpenFlow message.
See OpenFlow protocol API Reference for more info about OpenFlow messages.
ryu.base.app_manager.RyuApp¶
See Ryu API Reference.
ryu.controller.handler.set_ev_cls¶
-
ryu.controller.handler.
set_ev_cls
(ev_cls, dispatchers=None)¶ A decorator for Ryu application to declare an event handler.
Decorated method will become an event handler. ev_cls is an event class whose instances this RyuApp wants to receive. dispatchers argument specifies one of the following negotiation phases (or a list of them) for which events should be generated for this handler. Note that, in case an event changes the phase, the phase before the change is used to check the interest.
Negotiation phase
Description
ryu.controller.handler.HANDSHAKE_DISPATCHER
Sending and waiting for hello message
ryu.controller.handler.CONFIG_DISPATCHER
Version negotiated and sent features-request message
ryu.controller.handler.MAIN_DISPATCHER
Switch-features message received and sent set-config message
ryu.controller.handler.DEAD_DISPATCHER
Disconnect from the peer. Or disconnecting due to some unrecoverable errors.
ryu.controller.controller.Datapath¶
-
class
ryu.controller.controller.
Datapath
(socket, address)¶ A class to describe an OpenFlow switch connected to this controller.
An instance has the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
id
64-bit OpenFlow Datapath ID. Only available for ryu.controller.handler.MAIN_DISPATCHER phase.
ofproto
A module which exports OpenFlow definitions, mainly constants appeared in the specification, for the negotiated OpenFlow version. For example, ryu.ofproto.ofproto_v1_0 for OpenFlow 1.0.
ofproto_parser
A module which exports OpenFlow wire message encoder and decoder for the negotiated OpenFlow version. For example, ryu.ofproto.ofproto_v1_0_parser for OpenFlow 1.0.
ofproto_parser.OFPxxxx(datapath,...)
A callable to prepare an OpenFlow message for the given switch. It can be sent with Datapath.send_msg later. xxxx is a name of the message. For example OFPFlowMod for flow-mod message. Arguemnts depend on the message.
set_xid(self, msg)
Generate an OpenFlow XID and put it in msg.xid.
send_msg(self, msg)
Queue an OpenFlow message to send to the corresponding switch. If msg.xid is None, set_xid is automatically called on the message before queueing.
send_packet_out
deprecated
send_flow_mod
deprecated
send_flow_del
deprecated
send_delete_all_flows
deprecated
send_barrier
Queue an OpenFlow barrier message to send to the switch.
send_nxt_set_flow_format
deprecated
is_reserved_port
deprecated
ryu.controller.event.EventBase¶
-
class
ryu.controller.event.
EventBase
¶ The base of all event classes.
A Ryu application can define its own event type by creating a subclass.
ryu.controller.event.EventRequestBase¶
-
class
ryu.controller.event.
EventRequestBase
¶ The base class for synchronous request for RyuApp.send_request.
ryu.controller.event.EventReplyBase¶
-
class
ryu.controller.event.
EventReplyBase
(dst)¶ The base class for synchronous request reply for RyuApp.send_reply.
ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPStateChange¶
-
class
ryu.controller.ofp_event.
EventOFPStateChange
(dp)¶ An event class for negotiation phase change notification.
An instance of this class is sent to observer after changing the negotiation phase. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
datapath
ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance of the switch
ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPPortStateChange¶
-
class
ryu.controller.ofp_event.
EventOFPPortStateChange
(dp, reason, port_no)¶ An event class to notify the port state changes of Dtatapath instance.
This event performs like EventOFPPortStatus, but Ryu will send this event after updating
ports
dict of Datapath instances. An instance has at least the following attributes.Attribute
Description
datapath
ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance of the switch
reason
one of OFPPR_*
port_no
Port number which state was changed
ryu.controller.dpset.EventDP¶
-
class
ryu.controller.dpset.
EventDP
(dp, enter_leave)¶ An event class to notify connect/disconnect of a switch.
For OpenFlow switches, one can get the same notification by observing ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPStateChange. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
dp
A ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance of the switch
enter
True when the switch connected to our controller. False for disconnect.
ports
A list of port instances.
ryu.controller.dpset.EventPortAdd¶
-
class
ryu.controller.dpset.
EventPortAdd
(dp, port)¶ An event class for switch port status "ADD" notification.
This event is generated when a new port is added to a switch. For OpenFlow switches, one can get the same notification by observing ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPPortStatus. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
dp
A ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance of the switch
port
port number
ryu.controller.dpset.EventPortDelete¶
-
class
ryu.controller.dpset.
EventPortDelete
(dp, port)¶ An event class for switch port status "DELETE" notification.
This event is generated when a port is removed from a switch. For OpenFlow switches, one can get the same notification by observing ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPPortStatus. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
dp
A ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance of the switch
port
port number
ryu.controller.dpset.EventPortModify¶
-
class
ryu.controller.dpset.
EventPortModify
(dp, new_port)¶ An event class for switch port status "MODIFY" notification.
This event is generated when some attribute of a port is changed. For OpenFlow switches, one can get the same notification by observing ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPPortStatus. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
dp
A ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance of the switch
port
port number
ryu.controller.network.EventNetworkPort¶
-
class
ryu.controller.network.
EventNetworkPort
(network_id, dpid, port_no, add_del)¶ An event class for notification of port arrival and deperture.
This event is generated when a port is introduced to or removed from a network by the REST API. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
network_id
Network ID
dpid
OpenFlow Datapath ID of the switch to which the port belongs.
port_no
OpenFlow port number of the port
add_del
True for adding a port. False for removing a port.
ryu.controller.network.EventNetworkDel¶
-
class
ryu.controller.network.
EventNetworkDel
(network_id)¶ An event class for network deletion.
This event is generated when a network is deleted by the REST API. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
network_id
Network ID
ryu.controller.network.EventMacAddress¶
-
class
ryu.controller.network.
EventMacAddress
(dpid, port_no, network_id, mac_address, add_del)¶ An event class for end-point MAC address registration.
This event is generated when a end-point MAC address is updated by the REST API. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
network_id
Network ID
dpid
OpenFlow Datapath ID of the switch to which the port belongs.
port_no
OpenFlow port number of the port
mac_address
The old MAC address of the port if add_del is False. Otherwise the new MAC address.
add_del
False if this event is a result of a port removal. Otherwise True.
ryu.controller.tunnels.EventTunnelKeyAdd¶
-
class
ryu.controller.tunnels.
EventTunnelKeyAdd
(network_id, tunnel_key)¶ An event class for tunnel key registration.
This event is generated when a tunnel key is registered or updated by the REST API. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
network_id
Network ID
tunnel_key
Tunnel Key
ryu.controller.tunnels.EventTunnelKeyDel¶
-
class
ryu.controller.tunnels.
EventTunnelKeyDel
(network_id, tunnel_key)¶ An event class for tunnel key registration.
This event is generated when a tunnel key is removed by the REST API. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
network_id
Network ID
tunnel_key
Tunnel Key
ryu.controller.tunnels.EventTunnelPort¶
-
class
ryu.controller.tunnels.
EventTunnelPort
(dpid, port_no, remote_dpid, add_del)¶ An event class for tunnel port registration.
This event is generated when a tunnel port is added or removed by the REST API. An instance has at least the following attributes.
Attribute
Description
dpid
OpenFlow Datapath ID
port_no
OpenFlow port number
remote_dpid
OpenFlow port number of the tunnel peer
add_del
True for adding a tunnel. False for removal.