# Contoh Kode Program Rux untuk 10 Domain Sistem

Dokumen ini berisi contoh kode program untuk setiap domain yang dianalisis dalam
[rux_gap_analysis.md](file:///C:/Users/muham/.gemini/antigravity-ide/brain/ab579b92-ee55-4c21-9e88-0ef4a61bd9be/rux_gap_analysis.md).

Setiap domain memiliki dua bagian:
- **✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini** — menggunakan sintaks v0.2.0 yang sebenarnya
- **🚧 Kode Hipotetis yang Dibutuhkan** — fitur yang belum ada, ditulis sebagai proposal

> [!IMPORTANT]
> Kode dengan label 🚧 **TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI** di Rux v0.2.0.
> Kode tersebut menunjukkan apa yang *seharusnya* ada agar Rux bisa
> digunakan di domain tersebut.

---

## 1. Sistem Operasi (Operating System)

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Manipulasi Memori Dasar

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Memory::Alloc;
import Std::Memory::Free;

/// Alokasi dan tulis ke memori — ini yang BISA dilakukan Rux sekarang
func Main() -> int {
    // Alokasi 4096 bytes (satu halaman)
    let page: *uint8 = Alloc(4096) as *uint8;

    // Tulis ke byte pertama via pointer
    *page = 0xEB as uint8;  // JMP short (x86 opcode)

    PrintLine("Allocated 4096 bytes at raw pointer");

    Free(page as *opaque);
    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — Kernel Boot Entry Point

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: no_std mode (tanpa libc, tanpa runtime)
#[no_std]
#[no_main]

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: linker section control
#[link_section(".text.boot")]
#[naked]
func _start() {
    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: inline assembly yang mature
    asm {
        // Setup stack pointer
        mov rsp, 0x7C00
        // Clear BSS
        xor eax, eax
        mov edi, __bss_start
        mov ecx, __bss_size
        rep stosb
        // Jump ke kernel_main
        call kernel_main
        hlt
    }
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: volatile memory operations untuk MMIO
func volatile_write(addr: *volatile uint32, value: uint32) {
    *addr = value;  // 🚧 compiler tidak boleh optimize-away
}

func volatile_read(addr: *volatile uint32) -> uint32 {
    return *addr;   // 🚧 compiler harus baca setiap kali
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Atomic operations untuk SMP kernel
func spinlock_acquire(lock: *atomic uint32) {
    while atomic_exchange(lock, 1, MemoryOrder::Acquire) != 0 {
        // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: pause instruction hint
        asm { pause }
    }
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Interrupt handler declaration
#[interrupt]
func page_fault_handler(frame: &InterruptFrame, error_code: uint64) {
    let fault_addr = read_cr2();
    // Handle page fault...
    PrintSerial("Page fault at address: {}", fault_addr);
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Custom allocator tanpa heap
struct BumpAllocator {
    base: *uint8,
    offset: uint,
    limit: uint,
}

func (self: &mut BumpAllocator) alloc(size: uint, align: uint) -> *uint8 {
    let aligned = (self.offset + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
    if aligned + size > self.limit {
        return null;  // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: nullable pointers
    }
    let ptr = self.base + aligned;
    self.offset = aligned + size;
    return ptr;
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Output format ELF, bukan PE
// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Linker script kustom:
// SECTIONS {
//     . = 0x100000;
//     .text : { *(.text.boot) *(.text) }
//     .rodata : { *(.rodata) }
//     .data : { *(.data) }
//     .bss : { *(.bss) }
// }
```

---

## 2. Kompiler (Compiler)

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Lexer Sederhana

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;

// Enum untuk jenis token — ini BISA dilakukan di Rux
enum TokenKind {
    Number,
    Plus,
    Minus,
    Star,
    Slash,
    LeftParen,
    RightParen,
    EndOfFile,
    Unknown,
}

// Struct untuk token
struct Token {
    kind: TokenKind,
    value: int32,
}

// Interface untuk Display — Rux mendukung ini
interface Printable {
    func Display(self: &Self);
}

// Fungsi lexer sederhana — karakter per karakter
func Tokenize(ch: char8) -> TokenKind {
    if ch == '+' { return TokenKind::Plus; }
    if ch == '-' { return TokenKind::Minus; }
    if ch == '*' { return TokenKind::Star; }
    if ch == '/' { return TokenKind::Slash; }
    if ch == '(' { return TokenKind::LeftParen; }
    if ch == ')' { return TokenKind::RightParen; }
    return TokenKind::Unknown;
}

func Main() -> int {
    let tok = Tokenize('+');
    PrintLine("Lexer created a token");
    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — AST dengan Pattern Matching

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Algebraic Data Types (enum dengan data)
enum Expr {
    IntLiteral(int64),
    BinaryOp {
        left: *Expr,       // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: recursive types
        op: BinaryOperator,
        right: *Expr,
    },
    UnaryOp {
        op: UnaryOperator,
        operand: *Expr,
    },
    Identifier(String),
    FuncCall {
        name: String,
        args: Slice<*Expr>,  // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: generic containers
    },
}

enum BinaryOperator { Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Mod }
enum UnaryOperator { Neg, Not }

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Pattern matching exhaustif dengan destructuring
func Evaluate(expr: &Expr) -> int64 {
    match expr {
        Expr::IntLiteral(n) => return n,
        Expr::BinaryOp { left, op, right } => {
            let l = Evaluate(left);
            let r = Evaluate(right);
            match op {
                BinaryOperator::Add => return l + r,
                BinaryOperator::Sub => return l - r,
                BinaryOperator::Mul => return l * r,
                BinaryOperator::Div => return l / r,
                BinaryOperator::Mod => return l % r,
            }
        },
        Expr::UnaryOp { op, operand } => {
            let val = Evaluate(operand);
            match op {
                UnaryOperator::Neg => return -val,
                UnaryOperator::Not => return ~val,
            }
        },
        Expr::Identifier(name) => {
            // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: HashMap untuk symbol table
            return symbol_table.get(name).unwrap();
        },
        Expr::FuncCall { name, args } => {
            // Handle function calls...
            return 0;
        },
    }
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Arena allocator untuk AST nodes
struct Arena {
    blocks: Vec<*uint8>,      // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Vec
    current: *uint8,
    remaining: uint,
}

func (arena: &mut Arena) alloc<T>() -> *T {   // 🚧 generik + method
    let size = size_of::<T>();               // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: size_of
    let align = align_of::<T>();             // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: align_of
    // ... bump allocation logic
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: String interning
struct StringInterner {
    table: HashMap<String, uint32>,  // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: HashMap
    strings: Vec<String>,            // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Vec
}
```

---

## 3. Runtime Engine

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Tabel Opcode Sederhana

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;

// Definisi opcode untuk bytecode VM sederhana
const OP_PUSH: uint8  = 0x01;
const OP_ADD: uint8   = 0x02;
const OP_SUB: uint8   = 0x03;
const OP_MUL: uint8   = 0x04;
const OP_PRINT: uint8 = 0x05;
const OP_HALT: uint8  = 0xFF;

// Stack-based VM state — ini BISA didefinisikan di Rux
struct VM {
    stack: [int64; 256],    // fixed-size array sebagai stack
    sp: int32,              // stack pointer
    ip: int32,              // instruction pointer
    running: bool,
}

// Push value ke stack
func Push(vm: &VM, value: int64) {
    // 🔴 Masalah: Rux v0.2.0 belum jelas soal mutable references
    // Ini kode konseptual
}

func Main() -> int {
    // Program bytecode: push 10, push 20, add, print, halt
    let program: [uint8; 8] = [
        OP_PUSH, 10,
        OP_PUSH, 20,
        OP_ADD,
        OP_PRINT,
        OP_HALT,
        0
    ];

    PrintLine("Bytecode VM defined (execution not possible yet)");
    Print("Program size: {} bytes", 8);
    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — JIT Compiler & GC

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: FFI ke VirtualAlloc untuk executable memory
extern func VirtualAlloc(
    addr: *opaque,
    size: uint,
    alloc_type: uint32,
    protect: uint32
) -> *opaque;

const MEM_COMMIT: uint32 = 0x1000;
const PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE: uint32 = 0x40;

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: JIT code emitter
struct JitEmitter {
    buffer: *uint8,
    offset: uint,
    capacity: uint,
}

func NewJitEmitter(size: uint) -> JitEmitter {
    let buf = VirtualAlloc(
        null,       // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: null literal
        size,
        MEM_COMMIT,
        PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
    ) as *uint8;

    return JitEmitter {
        buffer: buf,
        offset: 0,
        capacity: size,
    };
}

// 🚧 Emit x86-64 machine code
func (jit: &mut JitEmitter) EmitAdd() {
    // pop rax       (58)
    jit.Emit(0x58);
    // pop rbx       (5B)
    jit.Emit(0x5B);
    // add rax, rbx  (48 01 D8)
    jit.Emit(0x48); jit.Emit(0x01); jit.Emit(0xD8);
    // push rax      (50)
    jit.Emit(0x50);
}

func (jit: &mut JitEmitter) Emit(byte: uint8) {
    *(jit.buffer + jit.offset) = byte;
    jit.offset += 1;
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Function pointer untuk memanggil JIT code
func (jit: &JitEmitter) Execute() -> int64 {
    let code_fn = jit.buffer as func() -> int64;  // 🚧 cast ke function pointer
    return code_fn();
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Mark-and-sweep GC untuk guest language
struct GCObject {
    marked: bool,
    next: *GCObject,    // linked list of all objects
    kind: ObjectKind,
}

enum ObjectKind {
    GCString { chars: *uint8, len: uint },
    GCArray { items: *GCObject, len: uint },
    GCClosure { func_ptr: *opaque, upvalues: *GCObject },
}

struct GarbageCollector {
    first_object: *GCObject,
    bytes_allocated: uint,
    threshold: uint,
    roots: Vec<*GCObject>,     // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Vec
}

func (gc: &mut GarbageCollector) Collect() {
    // Mark phase
    for root in gc.roots {            // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: iterasi atas Vec
        gc.Mark(root);
    }
    // Sweep phase
    gc.Sweep();
}

func (gc: &mut GarbageCollector) Mark(obj: *GCObject) {
    if obj == null || (*obj).marked { return; }
    (*obj).marked = true;
    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Rekursif mark children berdasarkan kind
    match (*obj).kind {
        ObjectKind::GCArray { items, len } => {
            for i in 0..len {
                gc.Mark(*(items + i));
            }
        },
        ObjectKind::GCClosure { upvalues, .. } => {
            gc.Mark(upvalues);
        },
        _ => {},
    }
}
```

---

## 4. Database Engine

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Definisi Halaman Database

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Memory::Alloc;
import Std::Memory::Free;

// Konstanta ukuran halaman
const PAGE_SIZE: uint = 4096;
const HEADER_SIZE: uint = 100;

// Header halaman database
struct PageHeader {
    page_id: uint32,
    page_type: uint8,     // 1=leaf, 2=internal, 3=overflow
    num_cells: uint16,
    free_space_start: uint16,
    free_space_end: uint16,
    right_child: uint32,  // untuk B-tree internal node
}

// Representasi satu sel dalam halaman
struct Cell {
    key_size: uint16,
    value_size: uint32,
    // key dan value data mengikuti secara sequential di memori
}

func CreatePage(page_id: uint32, page_type: uint8) -> *uint8 {
    let page: *uint8 = Alloc(PAGE_SIZE) as *uint8;

    // Tulis header secara manual (byte per byte)
    let header = page as *PageHeader;

    // 🔴 Masalah: Rux belum jelas soal cara cast struct ke memory
    // Ini konseptual
    PrintLine("Created page with ID and type");
    return page;
}

func Main() -> int {
    let page = CreatePage(1, 1);  // Leaf page
    PrintLine("Database page allocated");
    Free(page as *opaque);
    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — B-Tree Storage Engine

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: File I/O yang kuat
import Std::Fs::File;
import Std::Fs::OpenOptions;

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Async I/O
import Std::Async::spawn;
import Std::Net::TcpListener;

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Threading
import Std::Thread;
import Std::Sync::Mutex;
import Std::Sync::RwLock;

const PAGE_SIZE: uint = 4096;
const MAX_KEYS: uint = 255;

// B-Tree node
struct BTreeNode {
    keys: [int64; MAX_KEYS],
    values: [uint64; MAX_KEYS],        // offset ke data page
    children: [uint32; MAX_KEYS + 1],  // page IDs
    num_keys: uint16,
    is_leaf: bool,
    page_id: uint32,
}

// Buffer Pool — cache halaman di memori
struct BufferPool {
    pages: HashMap<uint32, *uint8>,     // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: HashMap
    dirty: HashMap<uint32, bool>,       // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: HashMap
    lock: RwLock,                       // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: RwLock
    file: File,                         // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: File type
    max_pages: uint,
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: mmap untuk memory-mapped file access
func (pool: &mut BufferPool) GetPage(page_id: uint32) -> Result<*uint8, DbError> {
    // Cek cache dulu
    if pool.pages.contains(page_id) {
        return Ok(pool.pages.get(page_id));
    }

    // Baca dari disk
    let buf = Alloc(PAGE_SIZE) as *uint8;
    let offset = page_id as uint64 * PAGE_SIZE as uint64;

    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: pread / seek+read
    pool.file.seek(offset)?;          // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: ? operator
    pool.file.read_exact(buf, PAGE_SIZE)?;

    pool.pages.insert(page_id, buf);
    return Ok(buf);
}

// Write-Ahead Log untuk crash recovery
struct WAL {
    log_file: File,                    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: File
    lock: Mutex,                       // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Mutex
    sequence: atomic uint64,           // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: atomics
}

func (wal: &mut WAL) Append(entry: &WALEntry) -> Result<uint64, DbError> {
    wal.lock.lock();                   // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Mutex
    let seq = atomic_fetch_add(&wal.sequence, 1);  // 🚧 atomics

    // Serialize entry
    let bytes = entry.serialize();     // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: serialisasi

    wal.log_file.write(bytes)?;
    wal.log_file.fsync()?;             // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: fsync

    wal.lock.unlock();
    return Ok(seq);
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: TCP server untuk menerima koneksi klien
async func StartServer(addr: &str, pool: &BufferPool) {
    let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr).await?;

    loop {
        let (stream, peer) = listener.accept().await?;
        spawn(async {
            HandleClient(stream, pool).await;
        });
    }
}
```

---

## 5. Game Engine

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Struktur Data Game Dasar

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;
import Std::Math::Sqrt;

// Vektor 3D — bisa didefinisikan di Rux
struct Vec3 {
    x: float64,
    y: float64,
    z: float64,
}

func Vec3Add(a: Vec3, b: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
    return Vec3 {
        x: a.x + b.x,
        y: a.y + b.y,
        z: a.z + b.z,
    };
}

func Vec3Length(v: Vec3) -> float64 {
    return Sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y + v.z * v.z);
}

func Vec3Dot(a: Vec3, b: Vec3) -> float64 {
    return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}

func Vec3Normalize(v: Vec3) -> Vec3 {
    let len = Vec3Length(v);
    return Vec3 {
        x: v.x / len,
        y: v.y / len,
        z: v.z / len,
    };
}

// Entity dasar
struct Entity {
    id: uint32,
    position: Vec3,
    velocity: Vec3,
    active: bool,
}

func UpdateEntity(e: Entity, dt: float64) -> Entity {
    return Entity {
        id: e.id,
        position: Vec3Add(e.position, Vec3 {
            x: e.velocity.x * dt,
            y: e.velocity.y * dt,
            z: e.velocity.z * dt,
        }),
        velocity: e.velocity,
        active: e.active,
    };
}

func Main() -> int {
    let player = Entity {
        id: 1,
        position: Vec3 { x: 0.0, y: 0.0, z: 0.0 },
        velocity: Vec3 { x: 1.0, y: 0.0, z: 0.5 },
        active: true,
    };

    let dt = 0.016; // 60 FPS
    let updated = UpdateEntity(player, dt);

    Print("Player pos: ({}, {}, {})\n",
        updated.position.x,
        updated.position.y,
        updated.position.z);

    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — ECS + Rendering Pipeline

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Binding ke graphics API
extern "C" {
    // Vulkan bindings
    func vkCreateInstance(info: *VkInstanceCreateInfo, alloc: *opaque, instance: *VkInstance) -> int32;
    func vkCreateDevice(gpu: VkPhysicalDevice, info: *VkDeviceCreateInfo, alloc: *opaque, device: *VkDevice) -> int32;

    // GLFW bindings
    func glfwInit() -> int32;
    func glfwCreateWindow(w: int32, h: int32, title: *uint8, monitor: *opaque, share: *opaque) -> *GLFWwindow;
    func glfwPollEvents();
    func glfwWindowShouldClose(window: *GLFWwindow) -> int32;
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: SIMD math
#[simd]
struct Vec4 {
    x: float32,
    y: float32,
    z: float32,
    w: float32,
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: SIMD operasi
func Vec4Mul(a: Vec4, b: Vec4) -> Vec4 {
    // Dikompilasi ke instruksi SSE/AVX: mulps
    return Vec4 {
        x: a.x * b.x,
        y: a.y * b.y,
        z: a.z * b.z,
        w: a.w * b.w,
    };
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Matrix 4x4 dengan SIMD
struct Mat4 {
    rows: [Vec4; 4],
}

func Mat4Perspective(fov: float32, aspect: float32, near: float32, far: float32) -> Mat4 {
    let f = 1.0 / Tan(fov * 0.5);
    // ... matrix construction with SIMD
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: ECS (Entity Component System)
// Component definitions
struct Transform { pos: Vec3, rot: Quaternion, scale: Vec3 }
struct MeshRenderer { mesh_id: uint32, material_id: uint32 }
struct RigidBody { mass: float32, velocity: Vec3, angular: Vec3 }

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Generic archetype storage
struct World {
    entities: Vec<EntityId>,
    transforms: SparseSet<Transform>,       // 🚧 Dibutuhkan
    renderers: SparseSet<MeshRenderer>,
    bodies: SparseSet<RigidBody>,
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Query system untuk ECS
func PhysicsSystem(world: &mut World, dt: float32) {
    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Iterator atas komponen
    for (entity, transform, body) in world.query<Transform, RigidBody>() {
        // Integrasi semi-implicit Euler
        body.velocity.y -= 9.81 * dt;       // gravitasi
        transform.pos = Vec3Add(transform.pos, Vec3Scale(body.velocity, dt));
    }
}

// Game loop utama
func GameMain() -> int {
    glfwInit();
    let window = glfwCreateWindow(1920, 1080, "Rux Engine", null, null);

    let world = World::new();   // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: constructor pattern

    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Timing yang presisi
    var last_time = GetTime();

    while glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0 {
        let now = GetTime();
        let dt = (now - last_time) as float32;
        last_time = now;

        glfwPollEvents();
        PhysicsSystem(&mut world, dt);
        RenderSystem(&world);
    }
    return 0;
}
```

---

## 6. Embedded System

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Simulasi Register Peripheral

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;

// Simulasi register GPIO (di desktop, bukan embedded asli)
const GPIO_BASE: uint64 = 0x40020000;  // Alamat STM32 GPIO

struct GpioRegisters {
    MODER: uint32,    // Mode register
    OTYPER: uint32,   // Output type
    OSPEEDR: uint32,  // Output speed
    PUPDR: uint32,    // Pull-up/pull-down
    IDR: uint32,      // Input data
    ODR: uint32,      // Output data
    BSRR: uint32,     // Bit set/reset
}

// Simulasi: set bit pada "register"
func SetBit(reg: uint32, bit: uint8) -> uint32 {
    return reg | (1 as uint32 << bit as uint32);
}

func ClearBit(reg: uint32, bit: uint8) -> uint32 {
    return reg & ~(1 as uint32 << bit as uint32);
}

func TestBit(reg: uint32, bit: uint8) -> bool {
    return (reg & (1 as uint32 << bit as uint32)) != 0;
}

func Main() -> int {
    var moder: uint32 = 0;

    // Set pin 5 sebagai output (mode 01)
    moder = SetBit(moder, 10);   // MODER5[1:0] = 01
    moder = ClearBit(moder, 11);

    Print("MODER register: 0x{}\n", moder);
    PrintLine("(Simulasi saja — tidak bisa target MCU sungguhan)");

    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — Firmware ARM Cortex-M

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

#[no_std]
#[no_main]
#[target("thumbv7em-none-eabihf")]  // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: target triple

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Volatile pointer types
type VolatilePtr<T> = *volatile T;

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Memory-mapped register definitions
const RCC_BASE: uint32 = 0x40023800;
const GPIOA_BASE: uint32 = 0x40020000;

struct RCC {
    CR: VolatilePtr<uint32>,
    AHB1ENR: VolatilePtr<uint32>,
}

struct GPIO {
    MODER: VolatilePtr<uint32>,
    ODR: VolatilePtr<uint32>,
    BSRR: VolatilePtr<uint32>,
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Compile-time address binding
const RCC: RCC = RCC {
    CR: RCC_BASE as VolatilePtr<uint32>,
    AHB1ENR: (RCC_BASE + 0x30) as VolatilePtr<uint32>,
};

const GPIOA: GPIO = GPIO {
    MODER: GPIOA_BASE as VolatilePtr<uint32>,
    ODR: (GPIOA_BASE + 0x14) as VolatilePtr<uint32>,
    BSRR: (GPIOA_BASE + 0x18) as VolatilePtr<uint32>,
};

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Interrupt vector table
#[link_section(".isr_vector")]
const VECTOR_TABLE: [*func(); 16] = [
    _stack_top,         // Initial stack pointer
    reset_handler,      // Reset handler
    nmi_handler,
    hard_fault_handler,
    // ... rest of vectors
];

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Naked function untuk reset handler
#[naked]
#[no_mangle]
func reset_handler() {
    // Zero BSS, copy data, then call main
    asm { bl main }
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: ISR attribute
#[interrupt]
func TIM2_IRQHandler() {
    // Clear interrupt flag
    volatile_write(TIM2_SR, 0);
    // Toggle LED
    let odr = volatile_read(GPIOA.ODR);
    volatile_write(GPIOA.ODR, odr ^ (1 << 5));
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Delay loop tanpa timer
func delay_ms(ms: uint32) {
    var count = ms * 16000;  // Assuming 16MHz clock
    while count > 0 {
        asm { nop }
        count -= 1;
    }
}

// Entry point
func main() {
    // Enable GPIOA clock
    volatile_write(RCC.AHB1ENR, volatile_read(RCC.AHB1ENR) | (1 << 0));

    // Set PA5 sebagai output
    let moder = volatile_read(GPIOA.MODER);
    volatile_write(GPIOA.MODER, (moder & ~(3 << 10)) | (1 << 10));

    // Blink LED
    loop {
        volatile_write(GPIOA.BSRR, 1 << 5);      // Set PA5
        delay_ms(500);
        volatile_write(GPIOA.BSRR, 1 << (5 + 16)); // Reset PA5
        delay_ms(500);
    }
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Linker script output ke .bin / .hex
// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Target ARM Cortex-M compiler backend
```

---

## 7. Networking Stack

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Parsing IP Address Manual

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;

// Representasi IPv4 address — bisa dibuat di Rux
struct IPv4 {
    octets: [uint8; 4],
}

func IPv4New(a: uint8, b: uint8, c: uint8, d: uint8) -> IPv4 {
    return IPv4 { octets: [a, b, c, d] };
}

func IPv4ToUint32(ip: IPv4) -> uint32 {
    return (ip.octets[0] as uint32 << 24)
         | (ip.octets[1] as uint32 << 16)
         | (ip.octets[2] as uint32 << 8)
         | (ip.octets[3] as uint32);
}

func IsPrivate(ip: IPv4) -> bool {
    // 10.0.0.0/8
    if ip.octets[0] == 10 { return true; }
    // 172.16.0.0/12
    if ip.octets[0] == 172 && ip.octets[1] >= 16 && ip.octets[1] <= 31 {
        return true;
    }
    // 192.168.0.0/16
    if ip.octets[0] == 192 && ip.octets[1] == 168 { return true; }
    return false;
}

func Main() -> int {
    let addr = IPv4New(192, 168, 1, 100);
    let is_priv = IsPrivate(addr);

    Print("IP: {}.{}.{}.{}\n",
        addr.octets[0], addr.octets[1],
        addr.octets[2], addr.octets[3]);
    Print("Is private: {}\n", is_priv);

    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — HTTP Server dengan Async I/O

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Modul networking dan async
import Std::Net::TcpListener;
import Std::Net::TcpStream;
import Std::Async::{spawn, select};
import Std::Io::BufReader;
import Std::Collections::HashMap;

struct HttpRequest {
    method: String,
    path: String,
    headers: HashMap<String, String>,  // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: HashMap
    body: Slice<uint8>,
}

struct HttpResponse {
    status: uint16,
    headers: HashMap<String, String>,
    body: Slice<uint8>,
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: async/await
async func HandleConnection(stream: TcpStream) -> Result<(), IoError> {
    let reader = BufReader::new(&stream);     // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: BufReader

    // Baca request line
    let request_line = reader.read_line().await?;  // 🚧 async + ?
    let parts = request_line.split(" ");           // 🚧 string split

    let request = HttpRequest {
        method: parts[0].to_string(),
        path: parts[1].to_string(),
        headers: ParseHeaders(&reader).await?,
        body: [],
    };

    // Route handling
    let response = match request.path.as_str() {
        "/" => HttpResponse {
            status: 200,
            headers: HashMap::new(),
            body: "<h1>Hello from Rux!</h1>".as_bytes(),
        },
        "/api/health" => HttpResponse {
            status: 200,
            headers: HashMap::new(),
            body: "{\"status\": \"ok\"}".as_bytes(),
        },
        _ => HttpResponse {
            status: 404,
            headers: HashMap::new(),
            body: "Not Found".as_bytes(),
        },
    };

    // Kirim response
    stream.write(FormatResponse(&response)).await?;
    stream.flush().await?;

    return Ok(());
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: TLS support
async func StartHttpsServer() -> Result<(), IoError> {
    let tls_config = TlsConfig::new()
        .with_cert_file("cert.pem")?
        .with_key_file("key.pem")?;

    let listener = TcpListener::bind("0.0.0.0:443").await?;

    PrintLine("HTTPS Server listening on :443");

    loop {
        let (stream, peer) = listener.accept().await?;
        let tls_stream = tls_config.accept(stream).await?;

        spawn(async {
            if let Err(e) = HandleConnection(tls_stream).await {
                PrintLine("Connection error: {}", e);
            }
        });
    }
}
```

---

## 8. CLI Tools

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Kalkulator Sederhana

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;
import Std::Math::Sqrt;
import Std::Math::Pow;

/// Kalkulator sederhana — ini BISA dikompilasi di Rux v0.2.0
func Add(a: float64, b: float64) -> float64 { return a + b; }
func Sub(a: float64, b: float64) -> float64 { return a - b; }
func Mul(a: float64, b: float64) -> float64 { return a * b; }
func Div(a: float64, b: float64) -> float64 { return a / b; }

func Factorial(n: uint) -> uint {
    var result: uint = 1;
    for i in 2..=n {
        result *= i as uint;
    }
    return result;
}

func FibonacciIterative(n: int32) -> int64 {
    if n <= 1 { return n as int64; }
    var a: int64 = 0;
    var b: int64 = 1;
    for i in 2..=n {
        let temp = b;
        b = a + b;
        a = temp;
    }
    return b;
}

func Main() -> int {
    PrintLine("=== Rux Calculator v0.1 ===");
    Print("10 + 20 = {}\n", Add(10.0, 20.0));
    Print("50 - 13 = {}\n", Sub(50.0, 13.0));
    Print("7 * 8  = {}\n", Mul(7.0, 8.0));
    Print("100 / 3 = {}\n", Div(100.0, 3.0));
    Print("Sqrt(144) = {}\n", Sqrt(144.0));
    Print("2^10 = {}\n", Pow(2.0, 10.0));
    Print("10! = {}\n", Factorial(10));
    Print("Fib(20) = {}\n", FibonacciIterative(20));

    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — CLI Tool yang Berguna (File Search)

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Fs::{walk_dir, read_to_string, metadata};   // 🚧 Dibutuhkan
import Std::Env::args;                                    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan
import Std::Regex::Regex;                                 // 🚧 Dibutuhkan
import Std::Process::exit;                                // 🚧 Dibutuhkan

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Argument parser
struct CliArgs {
    pattern: String,
    directory: String,
    recursive: bool,
    ignore_case: bool,
    max_depth: uint,
}

func ParseArgs() -> Result<CliArgs, String> {
    let raw_args = args();     // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: args()

    if raw_args.len() < 3 {
        return Err("Usage: rux-grep <pattern> <directory> [--recursive] [--ignore-case]");
    }

    var cli = CliArgs {
        pattern: raw_args[1].clone(),
        directory: raw_args[2].clone(),
        recursive: false,
        ignore_case: false,
        max_depth: 100,
    };

    for i in 3..raw_args.len() {
        match raw_args[i].as_str() {
            "--recursive" | "-r" => cli.recursive = true,
            "--ignore-case" | "-i" => cli.ignore_case = true,
            _ => return Err("Unknown flag: " + raw_args[i]),
        }
    }

    return Ok(cli);
}

func Main() -> int {
    let args = match ParseArgs() {
        Ok(a) => a,
        Err(msg) => {
            // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: ANSI color output
            PrintLine("\x1b[31mError:\x1b[0m {}", msg);
            exit(1);
        },
    };

    let regex = Regex::new(&args.pattern).unwrap();  // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Regex
    var match_count: uint = 0;

    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: walk_dir untuk rekursif file traversal
    for entry in walk_dir(&args.directory, args.max_depth) {
        if entry.is_file() {
            let content = match read_to_string(entry.path()) {
                Ok(s) => s,
                Err(_) => continue,   // skip binary files
            };

            for (line_num, line) in content.lines().enumerate() {
                if regex.is_match(line) {
                    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: formatted colored output
                    Print("\x1b[32m{}:{}\x1b[0m {}\n",
                        entry.path(), line_num + 1, line);
                    match_count += 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    PrintLine("\n{} matches found.", match_count);
    return 0;
}
```

---

## 9. Virtualisasi (Virtualization)

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Simulasi CPU Register

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;

// Simulasi state register CPU x86-64
struct CpuState {
    rax: uint64, rbx: uint64, rcx: uint64, rdx: uint64,
    rsi: uint64, rdi: uint64, rbp: uint64, rsp: uint64,
    r8: uint64,  r9: uint64,  r10: uint64, r11: uint64,
    r12: uint64, r13: uint64, r14: uint64, r15: uint64,
    rip: uint64,
    rflags: uint64,
}

// Flag bits
const CF: uint64 = 1 << 0;   // Carry
const ZF: uint64 = 1 << 6;   // Zero
const SF: uint64 = 1 << 7;   // Sign
const OF: uint64 = 1 << 11;  // Overflow

func NewCpuState() -> CpuState {
    return CpuState {
        rax: 0, rbx: 0, rcx: 0, rdx: 0,
        rsi: 0, rdi: 0, rbp: 0, rsp: 0xFFFF,
        r8: 0, r9: 0, r10: 0, r11: 0,
        r12: 0, r13: 0, r14: 0, r15: 0,
        rip: 0,
        rflags: 0x2,  // Reserved bit always set
    };
}

func SetFlag(cpu: CpuState, flag: uint64) -> CpuState {
    return CpuState {
        rax: cpu.rax, rbx: cpu.rbx, rcx: cpu.rcx, rdx: cpu.rdx,
        rsi: cpu.rsi, rdi: cpu.rdi, rbp: cpu.rbp, rsp: cpu.rsp,
        r8: cpu.r8, r9: cpu.r9, r10: cpu.r10, r11: cpu.r11,
        r12: cpu.r12, r13: cpu.r13, r14: cpu.r14, r15: cpu.r15,
        rip: cpu.rip,
        rflags: cpu.rflags | flag,
    };
}

func Main() -> int {
    let cpu = NewCpuState();
    Print("Initial RIP: 0x{}\n", cpu.rip);
    Print("Initial RSP: 0x{}\n", cpu.rsp);
    Print("Flags: 0x{}\n", cpu.rflags);

    PrintLine("(CPU state simulation only — no actual virtualization)");
    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — Type-2 Hypervisor dengan KVM

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Linux target + system call bindings
extern "C" {
    func open(path: *uint8, flags: int32) -> int32;
    func ioctl(fd: int32, request: uint64, arg: *opaque) -> int32;
    func mmap(addr: *opaque, len: uint, prot: int32, flags: int32,
              fd: int32, offset: int64) -> *opaque;
    func close(fd: int32) -> int32;
}

// KVM ioctl constants
const KVM_CREATE_VM: uint64 = 0xAE01;
const KVM_CREATE_VCPU: uint64 = 0xAE41;
const KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION: uint64 = 0x4020AE46;
const KVM_RUN: uint64 = 0xAE80;

struct KvmUserspaceMemoryRegion {
    slot: uint32,
    flags: uint32,
    guest_phys_addr: uint64,
    memory_size: uint64,
    userspace_addr: uint64,
}

struct VirtualMachine {
    kvm_fd: int32,
    vm_fd: int32,
    vcpu_fd: int32,
    memory: *uint8,
    memory_size: uint,
    run: *KvmRun,           // 🚧 mmap'd run structure
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Error handling yang kuat
func CreateVM(memory_mb: uint) -> Result<VirtualMachine, VmError> {
    // Open KVM device
    let kvm_fd = open("/dev/kvm\0".as_ptr(), 2);  // O_RDWR
    if kvm_fd < 0 { return Err(VmError::KvmNotAvailable); }

    // Create VM
    let vm_fd = ioctl(kvm_fd, KVM_CREATE_VM, null);
    if vm_fd < 0 { return Err(VmError::CreateVmFailed); }

    // Allocate guest memory
    let mem_size = memory_mb * 1024 * 1024;
    let memory = mmap(null, mem_size, 3, 0x22, -1, 0) as *uint8;

    // Map guest memory
    let region = KvmUserspaceMemoryRegion {
        slot: 0,
        flags: 0,
        guest_phys_addr: 0,
        memory_size: mem_size as uint64,
        userspace_addr: memory as uint64,
    };
    ioctl(vm_fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION, &region as *opaque);

    // Create vCPU
    let vcpu_fd = ioctl(vm_fd, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, 0 as *opaque);

    return Ok(VirtualMachine {
        kvm_fd: kvm_fd,
        vm_fd: vm_fd,
        vcpu_fd: vcpu_fd,
        memory: memory,
        memory_size: mem_size,
        run: null,
    });
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: VM execution loop
func (vm: &mut VirtualMachine) Run() -> Result<(), VmError> {
    loop {
        let ret = ioctl(vm.vcpu_fd, KVM_RUN, null);
        if ret < 0 { return Err(VmError::RunFailed); }

        // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Inspect exit reason
        match vm.run.exit_reason {
            KVM_EXIT_IO => vm.HandleIO()?,
            KVM_EXIT_MMIO => vm.HandleMMIO()?,
            KVM_EXIT_HLT => return Ok(()),
            KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN => return Ok(()),
            _ => return Err(VmError::UnknownExit(vm.run.exit_reason)),
        }
    }
}
```

---

## 10. Driver

### ✅ Kode Rux Saat Ini — Simulasi PCI Device Scan

```rux
import Std::Io::PrintLine;
import Std::Io::Print;

// PCI Configuration Space header (simulasi)
struct PciDevice {
    vendor_id: uint16,
    device_id: uint16,
    class_code: uint8,
    subclass: uint8,
    bus: uint8,
    slot: uint8,
    function: uint8,
}

// Vendor IDs terkenal
const VENDOR_INTEL: uint16 = 0x8086;
const VENDOR_AMD: uint16 = 0x1022;
const VENDOR_NVIDIA: uint16 = 0x10DE;

func GetVendorName(id: uint16) -> [uint8; 8] {
    if id == VENDOR_INTEL { return [73, 110, 116, 101, 108, 0, 0, 0]; }  // "Intel"
    if id == VENDOR_AMD { return [65, 77, 68, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; }          // "AMD"
    if id == VENDOR_NVIDIA { return [78, 86, 73, 68, 73, 65, 0, 0]; }    // "NVIDIA"
    return [63, 63, 63, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];  // "???"
}

func GetClassName(class: uint8) -> [uint8; 12] {
    if class == 0x01 { return [83, 116, 111, 114, 97, 103, 101, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; }  // "Storage"
    if class == 0x02 { return [78, 101, 116, 119, 111, 114, 107, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; }  // "Network"
    if class == 0x03 { return [68, 105, 115, 112, 108, 97, 121, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]; }  // "Display"
    return [79, 116, 104, 101, 114, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0];  // "Other"
}

func Main() -> int {
    // Simulasi daftar PCI devices
    let devices = [
        PciDevice { vendor_id: 0x8086, device_id: 0x1234, class_code: 0x02,
                     subclass: 0x00, bus: 0, slot: 0, function: 0 },
        PciDevice { vendor_id: 0x10DE, device_id: 0x2204, class_code: 0x03,
                     subclass: 0x00, bus: 1, slot: 0, function: 0 },
        PciDevice { vendor_id: 0x8086, device_id: 0xA382, class_code: 0x01,
                     subclass: 0x06, bus: 0, slot: 23, function: 0 },
    ];

    PrintLine("=== PCI Device Scan (Simulated) ===");
    for dev in devices {
        Print("Bus {:02}  Slot {:02}  Func {}  ",
            dev.bus, dev.slot, dev.function);
        Print("Vendor: 0x{:04X}  Device: 0x{:04X}  ",
            dev.vendor_id, dev.device_id);
        Print("Class: 0x{:02X}\n", dev.class_code);
    }

    PrintLine("\n(Simulasi — tidak ada akses PCI config space sungguhan)");
    return 0;
}
```

### 🚧 Kode Hipotetis — NIC (Network Interface Card) Driver

```rux
// ============================================================
// ❌ TIDAK BISA DIKOMPILASI — Fitur-fitur ini TIDAK ADA di Rux
// ============================================================

#[no_std]
#[driver]      // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: driver compilation mode (Ring 0)

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Kernel-mode allocator
import Kernel::Memory::KAlloc;
import Kernel::Memory::KFree;
import Kernel::Pci;
import Kernel::Interrupt;
import Kernel::Dma;
import Kernel::Net;

// Intel E1000 NIC registers (MMIO)
const REG_CTRL: uint32   = 0x0000;    // Device Control
const REG_STATUS: uint32 = 0x0008;    // Device Status
const REG_RCTL: uint32   = 0x0100;    // Receive Control
const REG_TCTL: uint32   = 0x0400;    // Transmit Control
const REG_RDBAL: uint32  = 0x2800;    // RX Descriptor Base Low
const REG_RDBAH: uint32  = 0x2804;    // RX Descriptor Base High
const REG_RDLEN: uint32  = 0x2808;    // RX Descriptor Length
const REG_RDH: uint32    = 0x2810;    // RX Descriptor Head
const REG_RDT: uint32    = 0x2818;    // RX Descriptor Tail

// Receive descriptor (hardware-defined layout)
#[repr(C, packed)]    // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: layout control
struct RxDescriptor {
    buffer_addr: uint64,   // Physical address of packet buffer
    length: uint16,
    checksum: uint16,
    status: uint8,
    errors: uint8,
    special: uint16,
}

const RX_RING_SIZE: uint = 256;
const PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE: uint = 2048;

struct E1000Driver {
    mmio_base: *volatile uint8,   // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: volatile
    rx_ring: *RxDescriptor,
    rx_buffers: [*uint8; RX_RING_SIZE],
    rx_tail: uint32,
    irq: uint8,
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: MMIO read/write helpers
func (drv: &E1000Driver) ReadReg(offset: uint32) -> uint32 {
    return volatile_read((drv.mmio_base + offset as uint) as *volatile uint32);
}

func (drv: &mut E1000Driver) WriteReg(offset: uint32, value: uint32) {
    volatile_write((drv.mmio_base + offset as uint) as *volatile uint32, value);
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: DMA allocation (physically contiguous memory)
func (drv: &mut E1000Driver) InitRxRing() -> Result<(), DriverError> {
    // Alokasi RX descriptor ring (DMA-able memory)
    let ring_size = RX_RING_SIZE * size_of::<RxDescriptor>();
    let (virt, phys) = Dma::alloc_coherent(ring_size)?;  // 🚧 DMA API
    drv.rx_ring = virt as *RxDescriptor;

    // Alokasi packet buffers
    for i in 0..RX_RING_SIZE {
        let (buf_virt, buf_phys) = Dma::alloc_coherent(PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE)?;
        drv.rx_buffers[i] = buf_virt as *uint8;

        // Set descriptor
        let desc = drv.rx_ring + i;
        (*desc).buffer_addr = buf_phys;
        (*desc).status = 0;
    }

    // Program registers
    drv.WriteReg(REG_RDBAL, phys as uint32);
    drv.WriteReg(REG_RDBAH, (phys >> 32) as uint32);
    drv.WriteReg(REG_RDLEN, ring_size as uint32);
    drv.WriteReg(REG_RDH, 0);
    drv.WriteReg(REG_RDT, RX_RING_SIZE as uint32 - 1);

    return Ok(());
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Interrupt handler untuk driver
#[interrupt(irq)]
func (drv: &mut E1000Driver) HandleInterrupt() {
    // Baca interrupt cause
    let icr = drv.ReadReg(0x00C0);

    if icr & 0x80 != 0 {  // RX interrupt
        drv.ProcessRxPackets();
    }
}

func (drv: &mut E1000Driver) ProcessRxPackets() {
    var tail = drv.rx_tail;

    loop {
        let desc = drv.rx_ring + tail as uint;
        if (*desc).status & 0x01 == 0 { break; }  // Descriptor not done

        let packet = drv.rx_buffers[tail as uint];
        let length = (*desc).length;

        // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Kirim ke network stack
        Net::receive_packet(packet, length as uint);

        // Reset descriptor
        (*desc).status = 0;

        tail = (tail + 1) % RX_RING_SIZE as uint32;
    }

    drv.rx_tail = tail;
    drv.WriteReg(REG_RDT, tail);
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Driver entry point
#[driver_init]
func DriverEntry(pci_dev: &Pci::Device) -> Result<(), DriverError> {
    PrintKernel("E1000 driver loading for {:04X}:{:04X}",
        pci_dev.vendor_id, pci_dev.device_id);

    // Map MMIO region
    let mmio = pci_dev.map_bar(0)?;   // 🚧 Dibutuhkan: PCI BAR mapping

    var driver = E1000Driver {
        mmio_base: mmio as *volatile uint8,
        rx_ring: null,
        rx_buffers: [null; RX_RING_SIZE],
        rx_tail: 0,
        irq: pci_dev.irq,
    };

    // Reset device
    driver.WriteReg(REG_CTRL, driver.ReadReg(REG_CTRL) | (1 << 26));

    // Initialize
    driver.InitRxRing()?;

    // Register interrupt handler
    Interrupt::register(driver.irq, driver.HandleInterrupt)?;

    // Enable receive
    driver.WriteReg(REG_RCTL, (1 << 1) | (1 << 15));  // EN | BAM

    PrintKernel("E1000 driver initialized successfully");
    return Ok(());
}

// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Output format .sys (Windows) atau .ko (Linux)
// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Kernel module metadata
// 🚧 Dibutuhkan: Borrow checker / safety verification untuk Ring 0 code
```

---

## Ringkasan

| Domain | Kode yang Bisa Ditulis Sekarang | Kode yang Dibutuhkan tapi Tidak Ada |
|---|---|---|
| **Sistem Operasi** | Alokasi memori, manipulasi pointer | Freestanding env, volatile, interrupt handler, linker script |
| **Kompiler** | Enum, struct, lexer karakter | ADT + pattern match, HashMap, arena allocator, regex |
| **Runtime Engine** | Definisi opcode, struct VM | JIT emit, mmap executable, GC, function pointers |
| **Database Engine** | Struct halaman, header | Async I/O, mmap file, WAL, threading, TCP listener |
| **Game Engine** | Vec3 math, entity struct | Vulkan/OpenGL binding, SIMD, ECS, window management |
| **Embedded System** | Simulasi bit register | Bare-metal target, volatile, ISR, linker script, .bin output |
| **Networking Stack** | Struct IPv4, operasi bitwise | Socket API, async I/O, TLS, HTTP parser, event loop |
| **CLI Tools** | Kalkulator, Fibonacci | Arg parser, file I/O, regex, ANSI color, env vars |
| **Virtualisasi** | Simulasi CPU state | KVM ioctl, mmap, VM exit handler, Linux target |
| **Driver** | Simulasi PCI scan | Ring 0 target, MMIO volatile, DMA, IRQ handler, .ko/.sys |
